EYE MOVEMENT PHYSIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

眼球运动的生理组织

• 批准号: 3256390
• 负责人: ROBERT G BAKER
• 金额: $ 15.08万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1976
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1976-09-30 至 1991-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3256390
• 关键词: aquatic organism; axon; cell differentiation; denervation; electron microscopy; electrophysiology; evolution; eye movements; histology; innervation; interneurons; membrane potentials; motor neurons; nervous system regeneration; neural inhibition; neural initiation; neuroanatomy; oculomotor nuclei; synapses; vestibular nuclei; visual pathways

Our present understanding of the neuronal and synaptic organizataion of the vertebrate oculomotor system has derived largely from the study of mammalian eye movements. Past efforts have centered around a detailed morphological and physiological analysis of the individual neuronal elements within the oculomotor system in order to better interpret neuronal form in view of cellular function. This overall goal will be continued with major reliance on the use of intracellular recording and HRP staining of identified neurons in the alert animal paradigm. This approach is to be substantially strengthened by including a carefully planned phylogenetic analysis of particular neurons and circuits in the coulomotor system. Assuming that a conservative neuronal plan extends throughout vertebrate oculomotor phylogeny, it is argued that knowledge of vertical and horizontal eye movement in antecedent vertebrates can contribute to a better understanding of basic principles and concepts underlying descendent CNS organization. The research plan encompasses 5 specific areas each of which employ similar experimental approaches, but utilize quite different species. (1) Phylogeny of the abducens nucleus with specific emphasis on internuclear neuron organization will be studied extensively from its first appearance in vertebrates up to, and including, mammals. (2) Synaptic and ionic mechanisms underlying horizontal and vertical saccadic organization will be examined largely in fish. (3) Inhibitory and excitatory second-order vestibulo-ocular neurons will be explored initially in fish, but also in descendent species with focus on their relationship to the phylogenetic origin, history and role of the trochlear motor nucleus in eye movement. (4) Mammalian oculomotor internuclear neurons will be studied and their origin will be sought in antecedent species. (5) Neuronal and synaptic effects of axotomy and regeneration will be evaluated centrally and in respect to neurogenic and myogenic influences on extraocular muscle fiber differentiation. Overall, the plan is to study homologous neurons and circuitry throughout the evolutionary scale in order to provide a solid basis for clarifying their role in mammals. All work envisioned is consistent with the goal of elucidating important relationships in the oculomotor system underlying gaze control and, concommmitantly, a better understanding of oculomotility disorders.

我们目前对神经元和突触组织的理解 脊椎动物眼动物系统主要来自于研究 哺乳动物的眼动。 过去的努力围绕着详细的 单个神经元的形态和生理分析 眼动系统中的元素，以更好地解释神经元 鉴于细胞功能。 这个总体目标将继续 严重依赖细胞内记录和HRP染色 警报动物范式中已识别的神经元的鉴定神经元。 这种方法是 通过包括经过精心计划的系统发育来实质上加强 分析库瘤系统中特定的神经元和电路。 假设保守的神经元计划在整个脊椎动物中延伸 动眼系统发育，有人认为垂直和 先例脊椎动物的水平眼动可能有助于 更好地理解后代基本的基本原理和概念 中枢神经系统组织。 研究计划包括5个特定领域 采用类似的实验方法，但使用完全不同 物种。 （1）外皮核的系统发育，特定强调 从第一个 出现在脊椎动物中，包括哺乳动物，包括哺乳动物。 （2）突触和 离子机制水平和垂直saccadic组织 将主要在鱼类中进行检查。 （3）抑制性和兴奋性 二阶前庭神经元最初将在鱼类中探索 而且还在后裔物种中，重点是 滑车运动核在眼中的系统发育起源，历史和作用 移动。 （4）将研究哺乳动物眼球内神经元 并且它们的起源将在先例物种中寻求。 （5）神经元和 轴切开术和再生的突触效应将在中心评估 以及神经源性和肌原性对眼外肌肉的影响 纤维分化。 总体而言，计划是研究同源神经元 和整个进化量表的电路，以提供固体 阐明其在哺乳动物中的作用的基础。 所有设想的工作都是 符合阐明重要关系的目标 目光控制的基础动眼系统系统，并齐心协力，更好 了解眼动性障碍。