Enhancing crop diversity and ecosystem services to promote biological control of fall armyworm in smallholder cropping systems

增强作物多样性和生态系统服务，促进小农种植系统中草地贪夜蛾的生物防治

• 批准号: BB/R020795/1
• 负责人: Toby Bruce
• 金额: $ 140.73万
• 依托单位: Keele University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR020795%2F1
• 关键词: Enhancing; crop; diversity; ecosystem; services

Smallholder farming communities in sub-Saharan Africa are particularly vulnerable to crop losses to pests because they generally cannot afford pesticides and as subsistence farmers, they depend directly on the crops for their food security. Fall armyworm has recently invaded and rapidly spread across large areas of Africa, where it has become a major threat to agriculture and sustainable food production. This invasion is a serious and growing threat to food security and livelihoods and already affects at least 400,000 ha causing estimated crop losses worth $3 billion a year. Our project will employ a four-pronged attack on the fall armyworm, utilising the natural defence mechanisms of the crop and companion plants. Firstly, we will assess the natural resistance levels of the maize millet and sorghum crops available to the farmers to determine which varieties would be most robust against the fall armyworm. We will then attempt to drive pests away from the main crop using a repellent intercrop (push), whilst attracting them to alternative locations with trap plants (pull). This technique is known as a "Push-Pull" companion cropping system and is used currently, successfully, against stemborer pests. Finally, we will attempt to utilise the defence mechanism of other companion plants to bring in local predators of the crop pet. These 'early herbivore varieties' are able to detect insect eggs that have been laid on them and emit odours to attract the natural enemies of the pests to the area where the crop is being cultivated. This novel design of pest management based on the four strategies of resist, expel, trap and kill should provide a novel cropping system which can withstand attack by fall army worm and other major pests.Design of such a system requires a detailed understanding of the predators and parasites that are the key natural enemies of the invasive fall armyworm in Kenya. Therefore, a major part of this project will be to understand the current pest and predator relationship where the crops are being grown. Once determined, we will be able to test how such companion cropping and early alert crops could mitigate crop losses to the fall army worm using crops that are readily available to the farmers in Kenya. Such a system could only be generated through close partnership with the local farmers. We will co-design solutions with them so that that we can be assured from the onset that the novel cropping system that is created is not just appropriate for their requirements but can be feasibly implemented with the resources available to them.

撒哈拉以南非洲的小农户养殖社区特别容易遭受害虫的损失，因为它们通常负担不起农药，作为生存农民，他们直接依靠农作物来获得粮食安全。秋天虫最近入侵并迅速蔓延到非洲大区域，在那里它已成为对农业和可持续粮食生产的主要威胁。这种入侵是对粮食安全和生计的严重威胁，并且已经影响至少40万公顷，导致估计每年3亿美元的作物损失。我们的项目将利用农作物和伴侣植物的自然防御机制对秋天的军虫进行四管齐下的攻击。首先，我们将评估农民可用的玉米小米和高粱农作物的自然耐药水平，以确定哪些品种对秋季的军虫最有力。然后，我们将尝试使用驱蚊剂的工作（推动）将害虫从主要农作物中驱逐出境，同时将其吸引到陷阱植物（拉）的替代位置。该技术被称为“推扣”伴侣种植系统，目前已成功地用于茎硼虫害。最后，我们将尝试利用其他伴侣植物的防御机制引入农作物宠物的当地捕食者。这些“早期的草食动物品种”能够检测出已植入它们的昆虫卵，并发出气味，以吸引害虫的天然敌人到达农作物种植的区域。这种基于抵抗，驱除，陷阱和杀戮的四种策略的新颖的害虫管理设计应提供一种新型的裁剪系统，可以承受秋季蠕虫和其他主要害虫的攻击。这种系统的设计需要详细了解捕食者和寄生虫，这些捕食者和寄生虫是肯尼亚入侵的秋天小虫的关键自然敌人。因此，该项目的主要部分是了解农作物种植的当前害虫和捕食者关系。一旦确定，我们将能够测试这种伴侣作物和早期警报农作物如何使用肯尼亚农民很容易获得的农作物来减轻秋季蠕虫的作物损失。这样的系统只能通过与当地农民的密切合作伙伴关系而产生。我们将与他们共同设计解决方案，以便可以从一开始就可以确保创建的新型裁剪系统不仅适合其要求，而且可以通过可用的资源来实施。

项目成果

Push-Pull Farming System Controls Fall Armyworm: Lessons from Africa

• DOI: 10.1564/v29_oct_09
• 发表时间: 2018-01-01
• 期刊: Outlooks on Pest Management
• 作者: Khan, Zeyaur R.;Pittchar, Jimmy O.;Pickett, John A.
• 通讯作者: Pickett, John A.

Field evaluation of a new third generation push-pull technology for control of striga weed, stemborers, and fall armyworm in western Kenya

• DOI: 10.1017/s0014479721000260
• 发表时间: 2022-02-08
• 期刊: EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Cheruiyot, Duncan;Chidawanyika, Frank;Khan, Zeyaur R.
• 通讯作者: Khan, Zeyaur R.

Editorial

社论

• DOI: 10.1017/s135577181400003x
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Organised Sound
• 影响因子: 0.6
• 作者: Blackburn M

A climate-adapted push-pull system effectively controls fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith), in maize in East Africa

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2017.11.003
• 发表时间: 2018-03-01
• 期刊: CROP PROTECTION
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Midega, Charles A. O.;Pittchar, Jimmy O.;Khan, Zeyaur R.
• 通讯作者: Khan, Zeyaur R.

Evaluation of African Maize Cultivars for Resistance to Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae.

• DOI: 10.3390/plants10020392
• 发表时间: 2021-02-18
• 期刊: Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
• 作者: Chiriboga Morales X;Tamiru A;Sobhy IS;Bruce TJA;Midega CAO;Khan Z
• 通讯作者: Khan Z