Climate-smart forests and agriculture: patterns and diversity of tree and crop responses to elevated growth temperatures

气候智能型森林和农业：树木和作物对生长温度升高的反应模式和多样性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04677
• 负责人: Way, Danielle
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745933
• 关键词: Climate; smart; forests; agriculture; patterns

Climate warming is a pressing threat to food security and the ability of our forests to provide the economic and ecological benefits our society relies on. But it is unclear why some plant species maintain their ability to uptake carbon and grow efficiently at elevated growth temperatures, while other species are negatively impacted by warming. This research program will assess how warm growing conditions impact traits that affect carbon fluxes (photosynthesis and respiration) and growth in economically important tree and crop species, as well as in a model species. By using species that differ in their ability to maintain photosynthesis and respiration under warm growth temperatures, this work will help identify the anatomical, biochemical and physiological traits that correlate with performance in future, warmer climates, thus providing targets for creating climate-smart crop varieties and tree lines that can better tolerate future climates. Additionally, because predictions of crop yield and forest growth in future climates depend on our ability to model the physiological processes underlying plant productivity, this work will provide critical information for modelers about how warm-grown plants differ from those grown under current temperatures, thus improving these models. Lastly, this research program will evaluate whether leaf traits, such as nitrogen concentration or density/thickness, correlate with the ability to maintain performance in warmer growth conditions. If so, then this information can be incorporated into large-scale models to help predict how a wide range of plants will cope with climate warming. Since leaf carbon fluxes play an important role in determining atmospheric CO2 concentrations, understanding how warming impacts photosynthesis and respiration is critical not only for determining future food, wood and fibre supplies, but also for predicting how rapidly our climate will change. The proposed work will provide critical training in analytical and communication skills for ten students, along with an international approach to solving these complex environmental problems, thus preparing them for careers in industry, policy and academia.

气候变暖是对粮食安全的迫切威胁，也是我们森林提供我们社会所依赖的经济和生态利益的能力。但是目前尚不清楚为什么某些植物物种保持其吸收碳并在升高的生长温度下有效生长的能力，而其他物种则会受到变暖的负面影响。该研究计划将评估温暖的生长条件如何影响影响碳通量（光合作用和呼吸）以及经济重要的树和作物物种以及模型物种的生长。通过使用在温暖的生长温度下保持光合作用和呼吸能力不同的物种，这项工作将有助于确定与未来，温暖气候的性能相关的解剖学，生化和生理特征，从而提供了创建气候智能的农作物品种和树线的目标，从而可以更好地容忍未来的氛围。此外，由于对未来气候中农作物产量和森林生长的预测取决于我们对植物生产力的生理过程进行建模的能力，因此这项工作将为建模者提供有关暖植物与当前温度下生长的植物之间如何不同的关键信息，从而改善了这些模型。最后，该研究计划将评估叶片性状（例如氮浓度或密度/厚度）是否与在较高的生长条件下保持性能的能力相关。如果是这样，则可以将这些信息纳入大型模型中，以帮助预测广泛的植物如何应对气候变暖。由于叶碳通量在确定大气二氧化碳浓度方面起着重要作用，因此了解变暖会影响光合作用和呼吸的影响不仅对于确定未来的食物，木材和纤维供应而言至关重要，而且对于预测我们的气候会变化的速度会发生变化。拟议的工作将为十个学生提供分析和沟通技巧的重要培训，以及解决这些复杂环境问题的国际方法，从而为行业，政策和学术界的职业做好准备。