Genetic improvement of rice seed vigour for dry direct-seeded conditions

干燥直播条件下水稻种子活力的遗传改良

• 批准号: BB/P023428/1
• 负责人: Peter Eastmond
• 金额: $ 66.31万
• 依托单位: Rothamsted Research
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP023428%2F1
• 关键词: Genetic; improvement; rice; seed; vigour

Rice is the most important staple crop in the developing world. It has been estimated that over three billion people in Asia rely on rice to provide 30 to 75% of their calories. The most widely used method for cultivating rice involves germinating the seeds in nurseries and transplanting the seedlings to flooded 'paddy' fields. This puddled transplanted rice (PTR) method accounts for ~55% of global rice cultivation and ~75% of world production. However, in many parts of South and Southeast Asia, farmers are switching to direct seeded rice (DSR) because the availability of labour and water is in decline and their associated costs are rising. A similar transition is also occurring in West Africa. To obtain a good crop using DSR it is imperative that the seeds germinate quickly in the soil and that the seedlings grow vigorously. However, because breeders have focused on developing varieties for PTR there has been little or no selection for seed vigour. Agronomists have highlighted a need for the development of new rice varieties with improved seed vigour so that they perform better in dry direct seeded conditions. The first aim of this project is to identify which genes are responsible for controlling seed vigour in rice by filming the germination of ~1000 different rice varieties that have had their genomes sequenced and identifying the key genetic differences that are associated with strong vigour. This knowledge can be used by breeder to develop new varieties. The second aim of this project is to determine whether the shoot growth of existing elite semi-dwarf rice varieties can be improved by enhancing the production of the plant growth regulator gibberellin in a specific seedling tissue called the mesocotyl. The increase in mesocotyl elongation could help seedlings to emerge from the soil when the seed has been planted at a greater depth. This is a key weakness of current varieties.

大米是发展中国家最重要的主食。据估计，亚洲有超过30亿人依靠大米提供30％至75％的卡路里。种植水稻的最广泛使用的方法涉及在托儿所中发芽种子，并将幼苗移植到洪水泛滥的“稻田”田中。这种水坑的移植大米（PTR）方法占全球水稻种植的约55％，占世界产量的75％。但是，在南亚和东南亚的许多地方，农民正在转向直接种子大米（DSR），因为劳动力和水的可用性正在下降，相关成本正在上升。西非也发生了类似的过渡。为了使用DSR获得良好的农作物，必须在土壤中迅速发芽，并使幼苗生长剧烈发芽。但是，由于育种者专注于为PTR开发品种，因此几乎没有或根本没有选择种子活力。农艺学家强调了需要开发具有改善种子活力的新水稻品种，以便在干燥的直接种子条件下表现更好。该项目的第一个目的是通过拍摄〜1000种不同的水稻品种的发芽来确定哪些基因来控制大米的种子活力，而该品种已将其基因组测序并确​​定与强烈活力相关的关键遗传差异。育种者可以使用这些知识来开发新品种。该项目的第二个目的是确定现有精英半昏昏欲睡的水稻品种的芽生长是否可以通过增强植物生长调节剂Gibberellin在称为中核基因的特定幼苗组织中的生产来改善。当种子在更深入的深度种植时，中椰子伸息会的增加可以帮助幼苗从土壤中出现。这是当前品种的关键弱点。

项目成果

Integrating Association Mapping, Linkage Mapping, Fine Mapping with RNA Seq Conferring Seedling Vigor Improvement for Successful Crop Establishment in Deep Sown Direct-Seeded Rice.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00665-w
• 发表时间: 2023-10-17
• 期刊: RICE
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Sandhu, Nitika;Ankush, Ade Pooja;Singh, Jasneet;Raigar, Om Prakash;Bains, Sutej;Jindal, Taveena;Singh, Mohini Prabha;Sethi, Mehak;Pruthi, Gomsie;Augustine, Gaurav;Verma, Vikas Kumar;Goyal, Shivani;Kumar, Aman;Panwar, Harsh;Sihag, Manvesh Kumar;Kaur, Rupinder;Kurup, Smita;Kumar, Arvind
• 通讯作者: Kumar, Arvind