Understanding the mechanism of lipolysis in plants: an opportunity to increase oil yield in crops

了解植物脂肪分解机制：提高作物油产量的机会

• 批准号: BB/E022197/1
• 负责人: Peter Eastmond
• 金额: $ 47.5万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FE022197%2F1
• 关键词: Understanding; mechanism; lipolysis; plants; opportunity

Oil from seeds forms a major source of nutrition for humans and livestock. It also has many important industrial uses, among them providing an increasingly relevant source of renewable energy (bio-diesel). The rate of oil accumulation in developing seeds is governed predominantly by biosynthesis. However, a number of studies have reported that a significant amount of oil is also turned over during seed development. Blocking this turnover could potentially elevate oil levels by between 5 and 25%, depending on the species and growth conditions. Controlling oil breakdown in seeds requires knowledge of the molecular mechanism, which until recently was completely lacking. This process also occurs after seed germination where it plays a fundamentally important role in providing energy for early seedling growth. I have gained a new insight into the mechanism of oil breakdown by isolating mutants in the model oilseed plant Arabidopsis that are impaired in post-germinative growth. I have discovered that one of these mutants, called sugar-dependent1, has a defect in the enzyme triacylglycerol hydrolase, which catalyses the first step in oil breakdown. The rate of oil breakdown is dramatically slowed in this mutant and as a consequence the developing seeds accumulate significantly more oil. The goals of this proposal are (i) To study how SDP1 is regulated and establish whether oil breakdown can be inhibited during seed development and not following germination. This would allow oil yield to be enhanced with the minimum impact on seedling vigour. (ii) To identify additional structural and regulatory proteins that function with SDP1 to govern the rate of oil breakdown. Disruption of these proteins will be used to block oil breakdown completely and thereby maximize oil accumulation. (iii) To investigate the role of SDP1 in the crop species oilseed rape and determine if oil yield can also be increased by impairing oil turnover. Addressing these objectives will contribute greatly to our fundamental knowledge of the mechanism and regulation of lipolysis, which is major metabolic process that is essential for the life cycle of many plants. The work could also lead to the development of crop plants with a higher oil yield.

种子的油是人类和牲畜营养的主要来源。它还具有许多重要的工业用途，其中包括提供日益相关的可再生能源来源（Bio-Diesel）。发展种子中的石油积累率主要由生物合成控制。但是，许多研究报告说，在种子开发过程中也已大量的石油也被移交了。取决于物种和生长条件，阻止这种营业额可能会使石油水平在5％至25％之间提高。控制种子中的油分解需要了解分子机制，直到最近才完全缺乏。在种子发芽之后，此过程也发生在该过程中，在为早期幼苗生长提供能量方面起着根本重要的作用。我通过隔离在后肥力生长中受损的油料植物拟南芥中的突变体来对石油分解的机理有了新的见解。我发现这些突变体之一称为糖依赖性1，在三酰基甘油水解酶的酶中有缺陷，这催化了油分解的第一步。在该突变体中，油分解的速率大大减慢，因此，发育中的种子积累了更多的油。该提案的目标是（i）研究如何调节SDP1并确定在种子开发过程中是否可以抑制石油分解而不是遵循发芽。这将使油产率随着对幼苗活力的最小影响而增强。 （ii）确定具有SDP1发挥作用的其他结构和调节蛋白来控制油的分解速率。这些蛋白质的破坏将被用来完全阻断油脂破坏，从而最大程度地累积油。 （iii）研究SDP1在农作物物种油料强奸中的作用，并通过损害石油转换来确定油产量是否也会增加。解决这些目标将极大地有助于我们对脂解的机制和调节的基本知识，这是许多植物生命周期至关重要的主要代谢过程。这项工作还可能导致石油产量更高的作物植物的发展。

项目成果

Highlights of recent progress in plant lipid research.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.02.010
• 发表时间: 2009-06
• 期刊: Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
• 作者: René Lessire;Edgar B. Cahoon;Kent D. Chapman;John M. Dyer;P. Eastmond;E. Heinz

Natural variation in acyl editing is a determinant of seed storage oil composition.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35136-6
• 发表时间: 2018-11-26
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Menard GN;Bryant FM;Kelly AA;Craddock CP;Lavagi I;Hassani-Pak K;Kurup S;Eastmond PJ
• 通讯作者: Eastmond PJ