Light Sheet

光片

• 批准号: BB/M012212/1
• 负责人: Malcolm Bennett
• 金额: $ 58.43万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM012212%2F1
• 关键词: Light; Sheet

Food security represents a major global issue. Crop production has to double by 2050 to keep pace with a global population increasing to 9 billion. This target is even more challenging given the impact of climate change on water availability and the need to reduce fertilizer inputs to make agriculture become more environmentally sustainable. Research to meet these challenges is often based on studies using simpler plants which can reveal insights as to how important traits such as root growth and branching, water movement, seed germination and pollen release can be improved in crops. A new type of microscope (using a technique called Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy or LSFM) has recently been developed that, for the first time, allows the long-term study of plant growth and development and gene expression. These microscopes use a thin sheet of laser light to illuminate a specimen. Only the measured part of the sample is illuminated by the sheet, making the process less stressful and allowing imaging of living plants for several days.The Zeiss Z.1 is the first commercially available LSFM. This imaging approach has not been widely used to study plants because the first machines lacked the ability to grow plants within the microscope. The microscope we have designed with the manufacturers will be fitted with temperature and light controls and will be one of the first light sheet microscopes in the world (and the first in the UK) to be specifically optimized for plant science. We will use this unique tool to look at many biological questions of relevance to food security including:1. Root responses to environmental signals. Roots adapt their growth in response to environmental signals like nutrients and water to optimise foraging in the soil for these important resources. LSFM images will allow for the first time visualization in 4-D of foraging processes such as hydrotropism when roots grow towards a water source.2. Root vascular patterning for increased water use efficiency. The vascular tissues of the root represent the main system for moving water and nutrients. The LSFM images would provide important information into the activity of genes controlling vascular tissue identity, and help efforts to engineer lines with alternate vascular patterns that may have greater water use efficiency.3. Seed germination occurs first by the seed coat rupturing, followed by the rupture of the endosperm (a coating of live cells). The process of endosperm stretching and rupture is difficult to study due to their sensitivity to humidity and temperature. This can be controlled in the LSFM, allowing tracking of cell geometry and markers over time.4. Seeds also provide a major nutrient source for plants and animals. We would use the LSFM to understand how ovules develop within seeds, with the aim of maximising yield of oilseeds.5. Anther and pollen development. The control of pollen viability and the release of functional pollen are critical for fertilization and crop yield. The LSFM will be used to visualize fluorescently labelled molecules with high resolution and with time, from pollen wall deposition, through anther opening, to pollen release.

粮食安全是一个主要的全球问题。到2050年，农作物的产量必须增加一倍，以使全球人口增长到90亿。鉴于气候变化对水的供应影响以及减少肥料投入以使农业变得更加环境可持续性，该目标更具挑战性。应对这些挑战的研究通常是基于使用较简单的植物的研究来揭示有关诸如根部生长和分支，水运动，种子发芽和花粉释放等重要特征的见解。最近已经开发了一种新型的显微镜（使用一种称为光板荧光显微镜或LSFM的技术），这是首次可以长期研究植物生长和发育和基因表达。这些显微镜使用薄薄的激光灯来照亮标本。仅样品的测量部分被纸张照亮，从而使过程减轻了压力，并允许将活植物成像几天。Zeiss Z.1是第一个市售的LSFM。这种成像方法并未被广泛用于研究植物，因为第一批机器缺乏在显微镜内种植植物的能力。我们与制造商设计的显微镜将配备温度和光照控制，并将成为世界上最早的光片显微镜之一（也是英国第一个轻型显微镜），专门针对植物科学进行了优化。我们将使用这种独特的工具来研究与粮食安全有关的许多生物学问题，包括：1。根对环境信号的响应。根系适应其生长，以响应养分和水（如营养物质和水），以优化土壤中的觅食，以获得这些重要资源。 LSFM图像将首次在4-D的觅食过程中首次可视化，例如，当根向水源生长时氢化剂等。2。根血管模式，以提高用水效率。根的血管组织代表了移动水和养分的主要系统。 LSFM图像将为控制血管组织身份的基因活性提供重要信息，并帮助努力以替代血管模式来设计可能具有更高用水效率的替代血管模式。3。种子发芽首先是由种子外套破裂发生的，然后是胚乳的破裂（活细胞的涂层）。胚乳拉伸和破裂的过程由于对湿度和温度的敏感性而难以研究。这可以在LSFM中控制，从而可以随着时间的推移跟踪细胞几何形状和标记。4。种子还为动植物提供了主要的养分来源。我们将使用LSFM了解种子内胚珠的发展，目的是最大化油籽的产量。5。花药和花粉的发展。花粉生存能力的控制和功能性花粉的释放对于受精和作物产量至关重要。 LSFM将用于可视化荧光标记的分子具有高分辨率，并且随着时间的流逝，从花粉壁沉积到花药开口到花粉释放。

项目成果

Hmgcr promotes a long-range signal to attract germ cells which is aided by Wunens but independent of hh

Hmgcr 促进长距离信号吸引生殖细胞，该信号受到 Wunens 的帮助，但与 hh 无关

• DOI: 10.1101/333575
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Kenwrick K

Cellular Patterning of Arabidopsis Roots Under Low Phosphate Conditions.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00735
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Janes G;von Wangenheim D;Cowling S;Kerr I;Band L;French AP;Bishopp A
• 通讯作者: Bishopp A

GH3-Mediated Auxin Conjugation Can Result in Either Transient or Oscillatory Transcriptional Auxin Responses.

GH3 介导的生长素结合可导致瞬时或振荡转录生长素反应。

• DOI: 10.1007/s11538-015-0137-x
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Bulletin of mathematical biology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Mellor N