Characterisation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling lateral root emergence using an integrative-systems based approach

使用基于集成系统的方法表征控制侧根出现的分子和细胞机制

• 批准号: BB/H020314/1
• 负责人: Malcolm Bennett
• 金额: $ 57.63万
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH020314%2F1
• 关键词: Characterisation; molecular; cellular; mechanisms; controlling

Food security is a major global issue. Significant improvements in crop yields are urgently required to feed the dramatically increasing world population by 2050. Our industrial partner has recently discovered a series of yield enhancing agrochemicals that increase crop yield by promoting root growth and branching. Increasing the number of root branches (termed lateral roots) increases the water uptake and acquisition of nutrients in crops and therefore understanding the regulation of lateral root development is therefore of vital agronomic importance. Lateral root (LR) development can be divided into 2 distinct processes; (A) formation (i.e. new roots forming deep within the centre of the main root); and (B) emergence (i.e. when new roots which form deep inside the main root need to push through the surrounding tissues before entering the soil). Research has focused largely on studying LR formation. However, recent evidence suggests that LR emergence is an important checkpoint for root branching which is regulated by nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate and hormone signals such as auxin. We have recently shown that auxin originating from new LR acts as a local signal that promotes overlying cells to separate, enabling new roots to emerge. We have identified ~560 genes that auxin regulates to cause lateral root emergence. The effect of auxin on LR emergence is very complicated and appears to involve about 560 different genes. To help us deal with this complexity, we will employ a new approach termed Systems Biology in which biologists and mathematicians work closely together. This involves generating a large body of experimental information about these different genes which is then integrated into a mathematical model. Auxin regulates LR emergence by inducing responses in many different cells and tissues. Our model therefore has to include information not just about a list of genes but also consider their behaviour in many different root cells and tissues. We then need to determine how realistic our root model is, by designing experiments to test its ability to accurately predict real results. The model can then be used to test ideas and provide new insight about how auxin controls LR emergence at the gene, cell and tissue level. Establishing this knowledge base will enable us to determine exactly how the root-growth-promoting agrochemicals affect LR development. The knowledge gained from this study will help scientists understand how best to manipulate root growth and enhance crop yield.

粮食安全是一个重大的全球性问题。到 2050 年，迫切需要显着提高农作物产量，以养活急剧增长的世界人口。我们的工业合作伙伴最近发现了一系列增产农用化学品，可通过促进根部生长和分枝来提高农作物产量。增加根枝（称为侧根）的数量可以增加作物的水分吸收和养分获取，因此了解侧根发育的调节具有至关重要的农艺重要性。侧根 (LR) 发育可分为 2 个不同的过程； (A) 形成（即在主根中心深处形成新根）； (B) 出苗（即，主根深处形成的新根在进入土壤之前需要穿过周围的组织）。研究主要集中在研究 LR 的形成。然而，最近的证据表明，LR 出现是根分枝的重要检查点，它受到硝酸盐和磷酸盐等营养物质以及生长素等激素信号的调节。我们最近表明，源自新 LR 的生长素充当局部信号，促进上覆细胞分离，从而使新根出现。我们已经鉴定出约 560 个生长素调节导致侧根出现的基因。生长素对 LR 出现的影响非常复杂，似乎涉及约 560 个不同的基因。为了帮助我们处理这种复杂性，我们将采用一种称为系统生物学的新方法，其中生物学家和数学家密切合作。这涉及生成大量有关这些不同基因的实验信息，然后将其整合到数学模型中。生长素通过诱导许多不同细胞和组织的反应来调节 LR 的出现。因此，我们的模型不仅必须包含有关基因列表的信息，还要考虑它们在许多不同根细胞和组织中的行为。然后，我们需要通过设计实验来测试其准确预测真实结果的能力，从而确定我们的根模型的现实程度。然后，该模型可用于测试想法，并提供关于生长素如何在基因、细胞和组织水平上控制 LR 出现的新见解。建立这个知识库将使我们能够准确确定促根生长农用化学品如何影响 LR 发育。从这项研究中获得的知识将帮助科学家了解如何最好地控制根部生长并提高作物产量。

项目成果

Seeing the wood and the trees

• DOI: 10.1038/nature14085
• 发表时间: 2014-12
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: A. Bishopp;M. J. Bennett

Malcolm Bennett.

马尔科姆·贝内特。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.033
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: CB
• 作者: Bennett M

Interview with Malcolm J. Bennett.

马尔科姆·J·贝内特访谈。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.03.007
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Trends in plant science
• 影响因子: 20.5
• 作者: Bennett MJ