CROSS-DOMAIN COMPREHENSION PROCESSES

跨域理解过程

基本信息

批准号：
2888985
负责人：
PHILLIP J HOLCOMB
金额：
$ 19.89万
依托单位：
TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1989-07-01 至 2001-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The global aim of the proposed research is to continue the study of comprehension processes within and between different modalities. This will involve comparing and contrasting spoken and written language, but will also focus on contrasts between other cognitive domains. In the previous funding period a number of informative experiments were conducted which provided a better understanding of the comprehension processes that are unique to and shared by the modalities/domains. However, this research has left a number of issues unresolved and has generated a new set of questions which serve as the basis for the current proposal. The approach used will entail the recording of event-related potentials (ERPs) from electrodes placed over a number of brain regions while human subjects engage in experiments designed to tap comprehension processes both within and across modalities/domains. One long term goal, for which these studies provide a framework, will be to study comprehension processes in normal children and children with specific reading disabilities. There are 4 sets of specific aims and corresponding groups of experiments. 1. Structure Building Studies. We have proposed that Gernsbacher's Structure Building model of comprehension best accounts for a variety of findings with the N4OO ERP component. This hypothesis will be tested in a series of four experiments. If evidence favoring this interpretation is found, then we will use the N4OO to examine the predictions of this model in subsequent studies. 2. Picture Processing Studies. In these experiments work on the similarity of picture and word priming will be extended to short stories based on both still pictures and dynamic (moving) images. These will be compared to written versions of the same stories. 3. Neighborhood Studies. The literature on neighborhood size (the number of other words which resemble a target word) has revealed a difference in the direction of effects for spoken and written words, with larger neighborhoods facilitating written words, but inhibiting spoken words. In four sets of experiments we will compare and contrast the effects of neighborhood size across modalities. 4. Cross-modality & Cohort Studies. We have found evidence that spoken and written words use a common conceptual system during comprehension. However, one finding which persisted across several experiments was that spoken words, but not written words or pictures, were much less effective primes (semantic and repetition) at short prime/target intervals. To address this asymmetry two experiments are proposed which will manipulate parameters of auditory prime stimuli. The goal of other studies will be to determine if a sentence context can modify the time- course of spoken word processing in a manner consistent with Marslen- Wilson's Cohort model.

拟议研究的全球目的是继续研究不同方式内和之间的理解过程。这会涉及比较和对比口语和书面语言，但会还专注于其他认知领域之间的对比。在上一个资助期进行了许多信息实验，这些实验提供了更好地理解的理解过程由模式/域独有并共享。但是，这项研究有留下了许多问题，并产生了一套新的问题作为当前建议的基础的问题。方法使用的将需要记录与事件相关电位（ERP）的记录当人类受试者的许多大脑区域上放置电极参与旨在利用理解过程的实验以及跨模态/域。这些研究的一个长期目标提供一个框架，将是研究正常的理解过程有特定阅读障碍的儿童和儿童。有4套特定目的和相应的实验组。 1。结构建筑研究。我们提出了Gernsbacher的结构建筑理解模型的最佳帐户，以了解各种发现 N4OO ERP组件。该假设将在四个系列中进行检验实验。如果发现有利于这种解释的证据，那么我们将使用N4OO在随后的情况下检查该模型的预测研究。 2。图片处理研究。在这些实验中图片和单词启动的相似性将扩展到短篇小说基于静止图片和动态（移动）图像。这些将是与同一故事的书面版本相比。 3。邻里研究。有关邻里大小的文献（其他单词的数量类似于目标词）已经揭示了方向的差异对口语和书面文字的影响，较大的社区促进书面词，但抑制口语。在四组实验我们将比较和对比邻里大小的影响跨模态。 4。跨模式和队列研究。我们找到了口语和书面文字使用常见概念系统的证据在理解过程中。但是，一个发现持续了几个实验是说话的话，而不是书面的单词或图片是短率/目标的效率要少得多（语义和重复）间隔。为了解决这个不对称的两个实验，提出了将操纵听觉素刺激的参数。另一个目标研究将是确定句子上下文是否可以修改时间 - 以与Marslen的方式进行口语处理过程威尔逊的队列模型。