The cognitive neuroscience of becoming bilingual

双语的认知神经科学

• 批准号: 6888505
• 负责人: PHILLIP J HOLCOMB
• 金额: $ 27.9万
• 依托单位: TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-01 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6888505
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; evoked potentials; handedness; human subject; language development; language translation; longitudinal human study; multilingualism; neural information processing; neuropsychology; speech recognition; university student; verbal learning; vocabulary; young adult human (21-34); behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; evoked potentials; handedness; human subject; language development; language translation; longitudinal human study; multilingualism; neural information processing; neuropsychology; speech recognition; university student; verbal learning; vocabulary; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In most of the world bilingualism is the norm. Even in the US, a primarily monolingual society, there is a growing awareness that knowledge of a second language is essential to our competitiveness in an increasingly interactive world. However, there are a number of issues concerning the cognitive and neural systems that underlie monolingual and bilingual language use that remain unresolved. This proposal focuses on one specific, but critical component of the mechanisms involved in becoming bilingual - the cognitive and neural processes involved in acquiring and using a vocabulary in a second language (L2). Using both behavioral and electrophysiological (ERPs) techniques, our primary aim is to plot the cognitive and neural consequences of vocabulary acquisition in a foreign language by examining various stages of L2 language learning in both cross-sectional and longitudinal samples of foreign language learners. Reaction time and error data collected in the proposed experiments will allow us to link our data with the large extant literature from prior behavioral studies. The ERP data will help us follow both quantitative and qualitative changes in the processing of L2 words as a function of proficiency. Moreover, by employing this cognitive neuroscience approach it will be possible to more closely tie the cognitive and perceptual processes involved in second language vocabulary acquisition to their underlying neural mechanisms. An important and unique aspect of this proposal is the plan to test two complementary populations of bilingual participants: English native speakers learning French, and French native speakers learning English. This approach will allow unconfounded comparisons of performance in L1 and L2. A major aim of the present project is to test a new model of L2 vocabulary acquisition (the developmental interaction activation model), which predicts three major developmental consequences of second language acquisition in terms of the (re) structuring of form and meaning representations of words in L1 and L2. The three categories of proposed experiments (15 in all) are designed to investigate the developmental trends predicted by this model: (1) unprimed single word recognition experiments manipulating orthographic neighborhood, concreteness, and cognate status of translation equivalents; (2) masked priming studies used to probe the evolution of L2-L1 lexical links and L2 form-concept links; and (3) language switching studies used to probe the evolution of control over the relative activation of words in each language.

描述（由申请人提供）：在世界大多数地方，双语是常态。即使在美国，主要是一个单语言的社会，也越来越意识到，对第二语言的知识对于我们在日益互动世界中的竞争力至关重要。但是，关于认知和神经系统的许多问题，这些问题是单语和双语语言使用尚未解决的问题。该提案着重于成为双语的一种特定但至关重要的组成部分 - 以第二语言获取和使用词汇涉及的认知和神经过程（L2）。使用行为和电生理学（ERP）技术，我们的主要目的是通过在外语学习者的横截面和纵向样本中检查L2语言学习的各个阶段，以外语绘制词汇获取的认知和神经后果。在拟议的实验中收集的反应时间和错误数据将使我们能够将数据与先前的行为研究的大量现有文献联系起来。 ERP数据将帮助我们遵循L2单词处理的定量和定性变化，这是熟练程度的函数。此外，通过采用这种认知神经科学方法，可以更紧密地将涉及第二语言词汇获取的认知和感知过程与其潜在的神经机制联系起来。该提案的一个重要且独特的方面是测试双语参与者的两个互补人群的计划：英语以英语为母语的人学习法语，而法语的母语人士学习英语。这种方法将允许在L1和L2中不足地比较性能。本项目的主要目的是测试L2词汇获取的新模型（发展互动激活模型），该模型预测了第二语言获取的三个主要发展后果，从L1和L2中单词的形式和含义表示。拟议的三类实验（总共15种）旨在研究该模型预测的发展趋势：（1）操纵拼字法，具体性和翻译等效状态的未备件单词识别实验； （2）用于探测L2-L1词汇链路和L2形式概念链路的演变的掩盖启动研究； （3）语言切换研究用于探测控制每种语言中单词相对激活的控制的演变。