OPERANT ANALYSIS OF CHOICE AND SELF CONTROL

选择和自我控制的操作分析

• 批准号: 2674456
• 负责人: HOWARD RACHLIN
• 金额: $ 10.94万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-30 至 2001-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2674456
• 关键词: adult human (21+); behavioral /social science research tag; choice; clinical research; decision making; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; impulsive behavior; locus of control; middle childhood (6-11); negative reinforcements; pigeons; social cooperation; social group process; species difference

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): The research forms a bridge between current studies of operant choice (which use both humans and nonhumans as subjects) and current studies of human decision. The bridge between the two spheres of research is a translation of the concept of probability of outcome (directly experienced or verbally expressed) into operant terms-delay of reinforcement or punishment (as schedules or as discriminative stimuli for schedules). A consequence of this translation is that inconsistencies of choice (as expressed by failure of behavior to conform to the axioms of probability theory) may be viewed in terms of self control or its lack (where lack of self control, in turn, is a failure to choose a delayed but larger reinforcer over an immediate but smaller one). (A further analogy is that between probabilistic and delay discounting on the one hand and social discounting on the other; where social discounting is defined as the degree of selfishness exhibited in a prisoner's dilemma game.) Because much dysfunctional human behavior, including compulsive gambling, smoking, overeating, alcoholism, drug abuse, and unsafe sexual practice, may be seen as failure of self control, the proposed research is directly relevant to mental and physical health. The released time from teaching and departmental administration will enable the PI to better coordinate the human and nonhuman laboratories, to more closely supervise and mentor predoctoral students, and to perfect the PI's own skills in clinical research techniques.

描述（根据申请人的摘要改编）：研究形成 当前对操作者选择的研究之间的桥梁（它们都使用人类和 非人类作为主题）和人类决策的当前研究。 桥 在研究的两个领域之间是翻译的概念 结果的概率（直接经验或口头表达） 经营者条款延迟加强或惩罚（作为时间表或 时间表的歧视性刺激）。 这种翻译的结果是 选择的不一致（如行为未能表达 符合概率理论的公理）可以从自我角度看待 控制或缺乏（反过来缺乏自我控制的地方） 选择一个延迟但较大的加固器，而不是立即但较小的钢筋）。 （另一个类比是概率和延迟折现之间 一方面和社会折扣另一方面；社会折扣的地方 被定义为囚犯困境中表现出的自私程度 游戏。）因为人类行为功能失调，包括强迫性 赌博，吸烟，暴饮暴食，酗酒，滥用毒品和不安全的性 实践可能被视为自我控制的失败，拟议的研究是 与心理和身体健康直接相关。 教学和部门管理的发布时间将启用 PI更好地协调人类和非人类实验室， 密切监督和指导专业学生，并完善PI的 自己的临床研究技术技能。