NEURAL MECHANISMS OF STIMULUS MEMORY AND HABIT FORMATION

刺激记忆和习惯形成的神经机制

• 批准号: 2578672
• 负责人: M MISHKIN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2578672
• 关键词: Primates; caudate nucleus; entorhinal cortex; frontal lobe /cortex; habits; memory; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; putamen; thalamus; visual cortex; visual stimulus

The circuit for visual object memory in the monkey was found earlier to depend on interaction between the cortical visual system and the limbic system, comprising the medial temporal lobe, medial diencephlon, and ventromedial frontal (VMF) region. We have now found that this form of visual memory, which includes object recognition and object-reward recall, depends particularly on the orbitofrontal as compared to the anterior cingulate component of the VMF region. This finding, together with recent evidence that the rhinal cortex is the critical medial temporal area for object memory (see LN-02736), indicates that the essential limbic circuit for this form of memory is comprised mainly of the rhinal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and the magnocellular division of the thalamic medial dorsal nucleus. Although rhinal lesions nearly preclude monkeys from recognizing objects presented a minute or two earlier, they do not prevent very short-term memory; indeed, memory of a new object for five seconds or less is essentially normal after rhinal lesions. This residual ability can be demonstrated by training monkeys with rhinal lesions to perform delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS) with trial-unique stimuli and short intratrial delays. Under these conditions the lesioned monkeys appear to learn DNMS not as a cognitive principle based on recognition memory but as a behavioral rule based on habit formation. This type of rule learning in the absence of the rhinal cortex depends on interaction between the cortical visual system and the frontal lobe, the ability being abolished when ventral frontal lesions (including inferior frontal and orbitofrontal cortex) are superimposed on rhinal lesions. A simpler type of habit formation, namely, concurrent visual discrimination learning with 24-hour intertrial intervals, depends instead on interaction between the cortical visual system and its neostriatal targets in the ventrocaudal putamen and tail of caudate nucleus; our new evidence indicates that impairment in this form of learning is directly proportional to the extent of damage to these structures.

猴子中的视觉对象内存电路早些时 取决于皮质视觉系统与边缘之间的相互作用 系统，包括内侧颞叶，内侧diencephlon和 腹侧额叶（VMF）区域。 我们现在发现这种形式 视觉内存，其中包括对象识别和对象奖励 回想一下，与 VMF区域的前扣带回成分。 这一发现，一起 最近有证据表明鼻皮层是关键的内侧 对象内存的时间区域（请参阅LN-02736），表明 这种记忆形式的必需边缘电路主要包括 Rhinal皮层，眶额皮质和巨细胞分裂 丘脑内侧背核。虽然rhinal病变几乎 阻止猴子识别物体呈现一两分钟 早些时候，它们并不能防止非常短期的记忆。确实，记忆 rhinal后，一个新物体五秒钟或更短的物质基本正常 病变。 可以通过训练猴子来证明这种残留能力 用Rhinal病变执行延迟的非匹配样本（DNM） 试验唯一的刺激和短室内延迟。在这些条件下 病变的猴子似乎学习了DNM，而不是作为认知原则 基于识别记忆，但作为基于习惯的行为规则 形成。 这种规则学习在没有rhinal的情况下 皮层取决于皮质视觉系统与 额叶，腹侧额叶病变时被废除的能力 （包括下额叶和轨道额叶皮质）是叠加的 在鼻病变上。 一种更简单的习惯形成，即同时 24小时内部间隔的视觉歧视学习取决于 而是在皮质视觉系统及其ITS之间的相互作用 尾状肠壳和尾巴的新纹状体靶 核;我们的新证据表明，这种形式的损害 学习直接与对这些损害的损害成正比 结构。