ATTENTION AND AGING--UNDERSTANDING NEGATIVE PRIMING

注意力与衰老——理解负启动

• 批准号: 2413309
• 负责人: JOAN M MCDOWD
• 金额: $ 16.62万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 2001-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2413309
• 关键词: age difference; aging; attention; auditory stimulus; behavior prediction; behavior test; behavioral habituation /sensitization; clinical research; cognition; human old age (65+); human subject; perception; psychological models; young adult human (21-34)

The inhibitory deficit hypothesis of cognitive aging (Hasher & Zacks, 1988) holds that age-related declines in inhibitory function are responsible for many of the changes in cognitive functioning observed in aging. Eight experiments are proposed here to examine age differences in inhibitory function in the context of the negative priming paradigm. The phenomenon of negative priming depends on efficient inhibitory processes, and so allows the straightforward prediction that older adults should exhibit reduced negative priming, or even none at all. The literature, however, indicates that the picture is not quite so simple. Some studies observe age differences in negative priming and some have not. To deal with this state of affairs, a number of theories and models of selective attention, aging, and negative priming are beginning to appear. These models and theories offer quite different accounts of the processes underlying selective attention performance on a negative priming task. The experiments proposed here attempt to differentiate between the models with critical tests of predictions worked out for those models. The goal of this work is to narrow the field of possible explanations for the pattern of results reported in the literature, and in so doing contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying age differences in selective attention. In addition, this work can contribute knowledge useful for ameliorating behavioral deficits experienced in later adulthood.

认知衰老的抑制缺陷假设（Hasher＆Zacks， 1988年）认为，与年龄相关的抑制功能下降是 负责在 老化。这里提出了八个实验，以检查年龄差异 在负启动范式的背景下进行抑制功能。这 负启动的现象取决于有效的抑制过程， 因此，可以直接预测老年人应该 表现出减少的负启动，甚至根本没有。文学， 但是，表明图片并不那么简单。一些研究 观察负启动的年龄差异，有些则没有。交易 有了这种状况，许多理论和模型的选择性 注意，衰老和负面启动开始出现。这些 模型和理论提供了有关过程的不同说明 在负面启动任务上的基础选择性注意力表现。这 这里提出的实验试图通过 对这些模型的预测进行了关键测试。目标 这项工作是为了缩小模式的可能解释领域 文献报道的结果，因此有助于我们 理解选择性年龄差异的机制 注意力。此外，这项工作可以为知识提供有用的知识 改善成年后经历的行为缺陷。