Decoding Age Differences in Emotional Well-being and Positivity through Everyday Natural Conversations

通过日常自然对话解读情绪健康和积极性的年龄差异

• 批准号: 10667001
• 负责人: Natalie Shook
• 金额: $ 8.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10667001
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Age Years; Aging; Assessment tool; Attention; Awareness; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Cessation of life; Code; Cognitive; Collaborations; Colorado; Crying; Data Reporting; Devices; Elderly; Emotional; Environment; Event; Exhibits; Feasibility Studies; Foundations; Future; Goals; Happiness; Health; Hour; Individual; Intervention; Language; Laughter; Life; Literature; Longevity; Measures; Mental Health; Methodology; Moods; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Population; Process; Reporting; Research; Role; Sampling; Social Behavior; Social Environment; Systems Analysis; Testing; Time; Verbal Behavior; Weight; Well in self; age difference; age related; cognitive process; digital; experience; healthy aging; human old age (65+); indexing; information processing; innovation; knowledge base; loved ones; member; middle age; novel; physical conditioning; positive mood; programs; psychologic; recruit; social; stem; theories; tool; young adult

Project Summary With age, individuals are often faced with more negative life events, such as declining health or the death of a loved one. But, older adults tend to report better emotional well-being than younger adults (e.g., more positive affect, greater happiness), and older adults show a greater attention to and appreciation for positive information relative to negative information compared to younger adults. These differences suggest that basic cognitive and emotional processes may change in older age, becoming more positive in general. However, most of the existing evidence regarding these age differences is based on self-report measures and lab-based tasks. Thus, it is uncertain whether these age differences are observable in the “real-world.” Furthermore, the reasons for age differences in emotional well-being or appreciation for positive information are unclear. The proposed project is a feasibility study in which an innovative behavioral assessment will be utilized to test whether age differences in emotional well-being and appreciation of positive information can be captured in natural, everyday social environments. Furthermore, a behavioral assessment of present moment time perspective will be tested as a possible mechanism underlying age differences in emotional well-being and appreciation for positive information. An adult life-span sample (N =120; 40 young adults, 40 middle-aged adults, and 40 older adults) will be recruited to wear a digital recording device for four days (two week days and two weekend days), recording for at least eight consecutive hours each day. Audio recordings will then be coded for emotional well-being, positivity versus negativity, and time perspective. Older age is expected to be related to better emotional well-being. That is, older adults' conversations are expected to contain more behavioral indicators of positive mood (e.g., laughter, calmness). Older age is also expected to be associated with greater emphasis on positive than negative information, as indexed by a greater proportion of positive conversation content than negative content. Finally, older age is expected to be associated with greater focus on present time, rather than past or future, as indexed by conversation content and verb tense. Differential time perspective may account for age differences in emotional well-being and positivity. The proposed project will clarify whether age differences in emotional well-being and appreciation for positive information are phenomena observable in everyday life and will potentially elucidate an underlying mechanism – present time perspective. The proposed feasibility study will provide a novel, ecologically valid assessment tool of emotional well-being, positivity, and time perspective in an adult lifespan sample and will serve as the foundation for future collaboration between the team members and research on healthy aging. In particular, findings from this study may inform interventions to promote emotional well-being and subsequent mental and physical health in older adults, as well as people of all ages.

项目概要 随着年龄的增长，个人常常面临更多负面的生活事件，例如健康状况恶化或亲人去世。 但是，老年人往往比年轻人表现出更好的情绪健康（例如，更积极）。 影响，更大的幸福），并且老年人对积极的事物表现出更大的关注和欣赏 与年轻人相比，这些差异表明了相对于负面信息的基本差异。 认知和情绪过程可能会随着年龄的增长而发生变化，总体上变得更加积极。 大多数关于这些年龄差异的现有证据都是基于自我报告措施和基于实验室的 因此，这些年龄差异在“现实世界”中是否可以观察到是不确定的。 情绪健康或对积极信息的欣赏存在年龄差异的原因尚不清楚。 拟议项目是一项可行性研究，其中将利用创新的行为评估来测试 情绪健康和积极信息欣赏方面的年龄差异是否可以被捕捉到 自然的、日常的社会环境。此外，对当前时刻的行为评估 观点将作为情绪健康和年龄差异背后的可能机制进行测试 对积极信息的欣赏。成人寿命样本（N = 120；40 名年轻人，40 名中年人） 成人和 40 名老年人）将被招募佩戴数字录音设备四天（两周） 和两个周末），然后每天至少连续录制八个小时。 编码为情绪健康、积极性与消极性以及年龄。 也就是说，老年人的谈话内容应该包含更多内容。 积极情绪的行为指标（例如笑声、平静）预计也与此相关。 更强调积极信息而不是消极信息，这体现在积极信息所占的比例更大 最后，预计年龄较大的人会更关注谈话内容。 根据对话内容和动词时态的不同，现在的时间，而不是过去或将来的时间。 观点可能会解释情绪健康和积极性的年龄差异。 澄清情绪健康和对积极信息的欣赏是否存在年龄差异 日常生活中可观察到的现象，并有可能阐明潜在的机制——现在 所提出的可行性研究将提供一种新颖的、生态上有效的情绪评估工具。 成人寿命样本中的幸福感、积极性和时间观念，并将作为 团队成员之间的未来合作以及健康老龄化的研究尤其是这一发现。 研究可能会为促进情绪健康以及随后的心理和身体健康的干预措施提供信息 老年人以及所有年龄段的人。