SHORT TERM ADAPTATION OF THE VESTIBULO/OCULAR REFLEX

前庭/眼反射的短期适应

• 批准号: 2443546
• 负责人: PHILLIP D KRAMER
• 金额: $ 9.18万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-07-01 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2443546
• 关键词: electrooculography; eye movements; head movements; human subject; neurophysiology; nystagmus; smooth pursuit eye movement; vestibular apparatus; vestibuloocular reflex; visual tracking

A robust and versatile capability for adaptive control of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) is essential for an organism to maintain optimal vision throughout life. Changes with development, aging, disease and trauma demand mechanisms to detect and correct errors in performance. An understanding of such adaptive mechanisms bears on a fundamental problem in neuroscience -- motor learning -- and is also essential for accurate clinical diagnosis and the design of physical therapy programs. The long- term goal of this research is to understand how humans adapt to vestibular disorders. The specific objective of this project is to learn more about the mechanisms underlying short term -- minutes to hours -- VOR adaptation in normal humans. The VOR can be divided into the response to rotation called the angular VOR (AVOR) and the response to translation called the linear VOR (LVOR). The emphasis is upon adaptive control of 1) the gain of the lVOR, 2) the phase of the AVOR and of the lVOR, and 3) the error signals and contextual cues that lead tot he expression of adapted responses. The relationship of adaptation of the VOR to the function of the ocular motor gaze-holding neural integrator will also be investigated. Relatively little is known about these aspects of vestibular physiology, and each potentially bears on important issues related to vestibular adaptation, the error signals that drive it, and how adaptation can be promoted in patients. Eye movements will be measured using the magnetic field search coil technique and electrooculography. LVOR will be elicited in response to translation on a linear sled. AVOR will be elicited in response to rotation on a rotary chair. Adaptation will be elicited using a visual-vestibular conflict paradigm in which the VOR is made to seem inappropriate by rotating or translating the visual scene. A "virtual reality" head mounted display will be developed to present the visual scene. Because of its flexibility virtual reality has the potential of making a significant impact ont he way we perform vestibular experiments and as a tool in physical rehabilitation. The results of the vestibular experiments will have important theoretical implication for basic vestibular physiology (and lend themselves to experimental neuro- physiological study and mathematical modeling) as well as potential practical applications to clinical neuro-otology.

强大而多功能的能力，可自适应控制 前庭反射（VOR）对于有机体维护至关重要 一生的最佳视野。 随着发展，衰老，疾病的变化 和创伤需求机制以检测和纠正性能错误。 对这种自适应机制的理解对一个基本问题产生了 在神经科学中 - 运动学习 - 对于准确而言也是必不可少的 临床诊断和物理治疗计划的设计。 长期 这项研究的术语目标是了解人类如何适应前庭 疾病。 该项目的具体目标是了解有关 短期 - 几分钟到几小时的机制 正常人适应。 可以将VOR分为 旋转称为Angular VOR（Avor）和对翻译的响应 称为线性VOR（LVOR）。 重点是对1的适应性控制） LVOR的增益，2）AVOR和LVOR的相位，3） 错误的信号和上下文提示，导致适应的表达 回答。 VOR适应与功能的关系 还将研究眼部运动目光的神经积分器。 关于前庭生理学的这些方面相对鲜为人知， 每个可能都在与前庭有关的重要问题上 适应，驱动它的错误信号以及如何适应 促进患者。 将使用磁性测量眼动 现场搜索线圈技术和电学。 LVOR将被引起 响应线性雪橇上的翻译。 Avor将被引起 响应旋转椅子上的旋转。 适应将被引起 一个视觉范围的冲突范式，其中VOR看起来很像 通过旋转或翻译视觉场景而不适当。 一个“虚拟” 现实“将开发头部安装显示器以呈现视觉 场景。 由于其灵活性，虚拟现实具有 我们进行前庭实验产生重大影响 并作为身体康复的工具。 前庭结果 实验将对基本的重要理论含义 前庭生理学（并借给实验性神经 - 生理研究和数学建模）以及潜力 临床神经观察学上的实际应用。