ATTENTION, ORIENTATION, AND HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEX

注意力、定向力和人类前额叶皮层

• 批准号: 2264070
• 负责人: Robert Thomas Knight
• 金额: $ 15.34万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-09-09 至 1995-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2264070
• 关键词: association cortex; attention; auditory feedback; brain disorders; brain interhemispheric activity; cerebral dominance; chronic brain damage; cognition; computed axial tomography; electrical potential; electroencephalography; electrophysiology; evoked potentials; frontal lobe /cortex; hippocampus; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; mental process; neural information processing; neurophysiology; neuropsychology; orientation; parietal lobe /cortex; performance; psychomotor reaction time; sensory feedback; somesthetic sensory cortex; temporal lobe /cortex; visual feedback

A P300 event-related potential, the so-called "decision wave", is generated when attention is drawn to infrequent environmental events. The P300 is widely used in clinical and basic psychological research to draw inferences about human cognition. Therefore, the neural origin of the P300 is of considerable interest to cognitive neuroscientists and clinicians. Studies in our laboratory have shown that unilateral lesions in prefrontal or temporal-parietal association cortex can reduce or abolish components of the auditory P300. A variety of evidence, including intracranial recordings from hippocampal formation, suggests an important role of limbic structures in P300 generation. Neuroanatomical studies in primates have documented reciprocal connections through which prefrontal and temporal-parietal cortex could modulate hippocampal function. The scalp P300 may index the engagement of this association cortex-hippocampal circuit, which is activated during the detection and encoding of biologically significant stimuli. A series of studies is proposed to investigate the contributions of association cortex and hippocampus to P300 generation. Groups of patients with focal infarctions of prefrontal or posterior association cortex, or infarctions of the posterior hippocampus will be studied. Parallel detection experiments with graded levels of difficulty will be performed in auditory, visual and somatosensory modalities. High resolution MRI neuroimaging will be used to reconstruct lesion extent in all patients, and to evaluate possible modality-specific elements of P300 generator circuits. Concurrent analyses of reaction times and response accuracy will be used to characterize the cognitive concomitants of the P300 abnormalities. The proposed research plan is designed to provide systematic data on the neural and behavioral substrates of the P300.

P300 事件相关电位，即所谓的“决策波”，是 当注意力被吸引到不常见的环境时产生 事件。 P300广泛应用于临床和基础 心理学研究来推断人类认知。 因此，P300的神经起源具有相当大的意义。 认知神经科学家和临床医生的兴趣。 我们实验室的研究表明，单侧病变 前额叶或颞顶联合皮层可以减少或 废除听觉P300的组件。 各种证据， 包括海马结构的颅内记录， 表明边缘结构在 P300 生成中发挥重要作用。 灵长类动物的神经解剖学研究记录了相互的关系 前额叶和颞顶叶皮层的连接 可以调节海马功能。 头皮 P300 可以索引 这种关联的皮层-海马回路的参与， 在生物检测和编码过程中被激活 显着的刺激。 提出了一系列研究来调查贡献 关联皮层和海马到 P300 代。 团体 前额叶或后部局灶性梗死患者 联合皮质或后海马梗塞 将被研究。 分级平行检测实验 难度较大的将在听觉、视觉等方面进行 体感方式。 高分辨率 MRI 神经影像将 用于重建所有患者的病变范围，并 评估 P300 生成器可能的特定模式元素 电路。 反应时间和响应的并行分析 准确性将用于表征认知伴随物 P300 异常。 设计了拟议的研究计划 提供有关神经和行为基础的系统数据 P300 的。