ATTENTION, ORIENTATION, AND HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEX

注意力、定向力和人类前额叶皮层

• 批准号: 2264070
• 负责人: Robert Thomas Knight
• 金额: $ 15.34万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-09-09 至 1995-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2264070
• 关键词: association cortex; attention; auditory feedback; brain disorders; brain interhemispheric activity; cerebral dominance; chronic brain damage; cognition; computed axial tomography; electrical potential; electroencephalography; electrophysiology; evoked potentials; frontal lobe /cortex; hippocampus; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; mental process; neural information processing; neurophysiology; neuropsychology; orientation; parietal lobe /cortex; performance; psychomotor reaction time; sensory feedback; somesthetic sensory cortex; temporal lobe /cortex; visual feedback

A P300 event-related potential, the so-called "decision wave", is generated when attention is drawn to infrequent environmental events. The P300 is widely used in clinical and basic psychological research to draw inferences about human cognition. Therefore, the neural origin of the P300 is of considerable interest to cognitive neuroscientists and clinicians. Studies in our laboratory have shown that unilateral lesions in prefrontal or temporal-parietal association cortex can reduce or abolish components of the auditory P300. A variety of evidence, including intracranial recordings from hippocampal formation, suggests an important role of limbic structures in P300 generation. Neuroanatomical studies in primates have documented reciprocal connections through which prefrontal and temporal-parietal cortex could modulate hippocampal function. The scalp P300 may index the engagement of this association cortex-hippocampal circuit, which is activated during the detection and encoding of biologically significant stimuli. A series of studies is proposed to investigate the contributions of association cortex and hippocampus to P300 generation. Groups of patients with focal infarctions of prefrontal or posterior association cortex, or infarctions of the posterior hippocampus will be studied. Parallel detection experiments with graded levels of difficulty will be performed in auditory, visual and somatosensory modalities. High resolution MRI neuroimaging will be used to reconstruct lesion extent in all patients, and to evaluate possible modality-specific elements of P300 generator circuits. Concurrent analyses of reaction times and response accuracy will be used to characterize the cognitive concomitants of the P300 abnormalities. The proposed research plan is designed to provide systematic data on the neural and behavioral substrates of the P300.

P300事件相关的潜力，即所谓的“决策浪”是 当注意到不经常的环境时会产生 事件。 P300广泛用于临床和基本 心理研究以提出有关人类认知的推论。 因此，p300的神经起源很大 认知神经科学家和临床医生的兴趣。 我们实验室的研究表明，单侧病变 前额叶或颞叶临界协会皮层可以减少或 废除听觉P300的组件。 多种证据， 包括海马形成的颅内记录， 这表明边缘结构在p300生成中的重要作用。 灵长类动物的神经解剖学研究已记录了倒数 前额叶和颞顶皮层的连接 可以调节海马功能。 头皮P300可能会索引 该协会的皮质 - 海马电路的参与，该电路 在检测和编码生物学期间被激活 明显的刺激。 提出了一系列研究来研究贡献 与P300代的关联皮层和海马。 组 前额叶或后部局灶性梗塞的患者 关联皮层或后海马的梗塞 将被研究。 平行检测实验具有分级水平 难度将在听觉，视觉和 体感模式。 高分辨率MRI神经影像学将 用于重建所有患者的病变程度，并用于 评估p300发电机可能的特定方式元素 电路。 对反应时间和反应的并发分析 精度将用于表征认知伴随物 P300异常。 拟议的研究计划是设计的 提供有关神经和行为底物的系统数据 P300。