CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF LEXICAL ACTIVATION

词汇激活的原因和后果

• 批准号: 2250977
• 负责人: ARTHUR G SAMUEL
• 金额: $ 11.36万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-30 至 1999-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2250977
• 关键词: auditory discrimination; auditory feedback; auditory stimulus; cognition; cues; hearing; human subject; neural information processing; perception; psychoacoustics; psycholinguistics; psychomotor reaction time; sound frequency; speech; visual stimulus

Understanding language is one of the most fundamental human cognitive abilities. It plays an important role in normal development, and is a major means for acquiring information in many domains. Psycholinguists have made significant progress in clarifying the structures and processes that underlie language comprehension. In recent years, it has become clear that a central issue in this area is lexical access. Theories must specify how the presentation of a spoken word leads to a particular lexical representation becoming activated, and what the effects of such activation are: What effect does one active lexical representation have on others, and on units at other levels of representation? The current proposal includes a large set of theoretically-driven empirical tests of the basis of lexical activation, and especially, of the consequences of lexical activation. The experiments use a range of different methodologies, in order to assure correct theoretical inferences through converging operations. The tests include analyses of the rise, peak, and fall of lexical activations, and investigations of the perceptual effect that active lexical representations can have on other lexical representations, and on sublexical encoding. The experiments test for both excitatory and inhibitory influences on these other representations. The product of the proposed research will be a much better understanding of the architecture of the system that accomplishes language comprehension. Such an understanding is critical to our understanding language processing. In turn, because language is such a fundamental cognitive ability, progress in describing language processing will enhance our understanding of human cognition.

理解语言是人类最基本的认知之一 能力。它在正常发展中起着重要作用，是 在许多域中获取信息的主要手段。心理语言学家 在阐明结构和过程方面取得了重大进展 这是语言理解的基础。近年来，已经很清楚 该领域的核心问题是词汇访问。理论必须指定 口语的呈现如何导致特定的词汇 表示被激活，以及这种激活的影响 是：一个主动词汇表示对他人有什么影响， 以及在其他级别表示的单位上？ 当前的提案包括一大批理论驱动的 词汇激活基础的经验检验，尤其是 词汇激活的后果。实验使用一系列 不同的方法，以确保正确的理论推论 通过融合操作。测试包括对上升的分析， 峰值激活的峰值和下降 主动词汇表示可以对其他的感知效应 词汇表示，并在Sublexical编码上。实验测试 对于兴奋性和抑制性影响 表示。拟议研究的产物将是很多 更好地理解完成系统的体系结构 语言理解。这样的理解对我们至关重要 了解语言处理。反过来，因为语言是这样的 基本认知能力，描述语言处理的进展 将增强我们对人类认知的理解。