Decoding Prior Bias in Psychosis Using Population Receptive Fields

使用群体感受野解码精神病的先验偏差

• 批准号: 10460680
• 负责人: Kenneth Wengler
• 金额: $ 0.25万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10460680
• 关键词: Affect; Auditory; Auditory Hallucination; Auditory area; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Characteristics; Clinical; Data; Decision Making; Development; Discrimination; Event; Feedback; Form Perception; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hallucinations; Image; Impairment; Individual; Knowledge; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Neurobiology; Neurologic Symptoms; Neurons; Neurosciences; Noise; Patients; Perception; Population; Process; Psychiatry; Psychophysics; Psychoses; Research; Research Training; Rewards; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Severities; Signal Transduction; Speech; Stimulus; Symptoms; Syndrome; Techniques; Time; Training; Visual; Width; Work; base; clinically relevant; design; disability; expectation; experimental study; magnetic resonance imaging biomarker; neurobiological mechanism; neurofeedback; neuromechanism; novel; novel therapeutics; programs; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; retinotopic; sound; tool; years of life lost

PROJECT SUMMARY Schizophrenia is an exceedingly prevalent and burdensome illness that affects ~26 million individuals world-wide and accounts for ~16 million years of life lost due to disability per year. A characteristic symptom of schizophrenia is auditory hallucinations, occurring in ~80% of patients with ~30% of sufferers unresponsive to available treatments. Despite their impact, the neural mechanisms of auditory hallucinations are poorly understood. Auditory hallucinations are thought to arise from greater bias towards prior knowledge when forming perceptions (prior bias). Prior bias is the incorporation of prior knowledge into percepts that biases perception towards more likely sensory events. Previous studies using single-unit recordings during perceptual decision-making tasks have probed the neural manifestation of prior bias. A major finding of this work is that behavioral bias for a stimulus feature (e.g. leftward motion vs rightward motion) is associated with greater activity in neurons with receptive fields tuned to that stimulus feature. To probe the neural mechanisms of prior bias it is thus critical to define the tuning of receptive fields and design experiments that capitalize on this tuning (Aim 1). Population receptive field (pRF) mapping is a novel fMRI method that allows definition of neural tuning in auditory and visual regions with tonotopic and retinotopic organization, respectively. For example, tonotopic pRF mapping can define regions that are macroscopically organized with ensembles of neurons tuned to a specific tone frequency. By combining tonotopic pRF with a behavioral task to probe perceptual biases in tone frequency a direct measurement of the neural mechanisms of prior bias in auditory hallucinations can be developed (Aim 2). In Aim 1 we will use pRF tonotopic mapping to define the tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (N=30) and investigate differences compared to matched healthy controls (N=30). We hypothesize that the severity of auditory hallucinations will be correlated with broader pRF tuning in the associative auditory cortex. In Aim 2 we will determine the neural representation of prior bias in auditory hallucinations by acquiring fMRI during a two-tone frequency discrimination task in the same unmedicated schizophrenia patients and matched healthy controls from Aim 1. This task elicits prior bias that will be directly measured by using the tonotopic maps acquired in Aim 1 to localize activation to specific frequencies. We hypothesize that prior bias will manifest in the fMRI signal as an over-activation of the pRF's tuned to the prior information and that the degree of over-activation will correlate with the severity of auditory hallucinations.

项目摘要 精神分裂症是一种极为普遍且繁重的疾病，影响约2600万人 在全球范围内，由于残疾每年损失了约1600万年的生命。一个特征症状 精神分裂症是听觉幻觉，发生在约80％的患者中，约有30％的患者无反应症 可用的治疗。尽管它们影响了，但听觉幻觉的神经机制却很差 理解。听觉幻觉被认为是源于对先验知识的更大偏见 形成感知（先前的偏见）。先前的偏见是将先验知识纳入偏见的感知 对更可能的感官事件的看法。先前使用感知中单单元记录的研究 决策任务探讨了先前偏见的神经表现。这项工作的主要发现是 刺激特征的行为偏见（例如向左运动与向右运动）与更大的相关 在具有接收场的神经元中的活性，调整了该刺激特征。探测神经机制 因此，定义接收场和设计实验的调整至关重要 利用此调整（AIM 1）。人口接受场（PRF）映射是一种新型的fMRI方法 允许定义具有调动和视网膜组织的听觉和视觉区域中的神经调节， 分别。例如，吨位的PRF映射可以定义与宏观组织的区域 神经元的合奏调谐到特定的音调频率。通过将Tonotopic PRF与行为相结合 探测音调频率感知偏见的任务直接测量神经机制 可以开发出听觉幻觉的先前偏见（AIM 2）。 在AIM 1中，我们将使用PRF TONOTOPIC映射来定义听觉皮层的Tonotopic组织 与匹配的健康相比，精神分裂症的未药物患者（n = 30）并研究差异 控件（n = 30）。我们假设听觉幻觉的严重性将与更广泛的PRF相关 在关联听觉皮层中调整。在AIM 2中，我们将确定先前偏见的神经表示 通过在同一两色调频率歧视任务中获取fMRI，通过获得fMRI来进行听觉幻觉 未经药物的精神分裂症患者并与AIM 1相匹配。此任务引起了以前的偏见。 将通过使用在AIM 1中获得的Tonotopic MAP直接测量 频率。我们假设先前的偏见将在fMRI信号中表现为PRF的过度激活 调整了先前的信息，过度激活的程度将与听觉的严重程度相关 幻觉。