The Development and Redevelopment of Lexical and Sublexical Representations

词汇和潜词汇表征的发展和再发展

• 批准号: 7561202
• 负责人: ARTHUR G SAMUEL
• 金额: $ 38.03万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-17 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7561202
• 关键词: Accent; Affect; Appearance; Area; Autistic Disorder; Categories; Characteristics; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Communication; Comprehension; Conceptions; Development; Disease; Dissociation; Environment; Exposure to; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Laboratories; Language; Language Development; Learning; Life; Mental disorders; Methodology; Operative Surgical Procedures; Partial Hearing Loss; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual learning; Persons; Phonetics; Play; Population; Process; Property; Psyche structure; Public Health; Research; Resources; Role; Running; Schizophrenia; Societies; Source; Specific qualifier value; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Variant; Visual; Work; base; density; design; language processing; lexical; remediation; research study; system architecture

Language is one of the most fundamental human cognitive abilities. It plays an important role in normal development, and is the major means for acquiring information in many domains. A number of psychological disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, autism) can disrupt the normally impressive functioning of this system, greatly exacerbating the negative consequences of these disorders. Psycholinguists have made significant progress in specifying the structures and processes that underlie language comprehension. Over the course of the last two decades, our laboratory has learned a great deal about how words are represented in a person’s “mental lexicon”. Our research has begun to clarify how the presentation of a spoken word leads to a particular lexical representation becoming activated, and what the effects of such activation are (e.g., what effect one active lexical representation has on others, and on units at other levels of representation). The current proposal continues our investigation of spoken language processing, with a focus on the dynamic properties of lexical and sublexical systems: Through perceptual learning, there is continuous redevelopment of the sublexical representations that are used to access the lexical entries. The proposed project includes a large set of theoretically-driven empirical studies of sublexical perceptual learning. The experiments use a range of different methodologies, in order to assure correct theoretical inferences through converging operations. The set of studies on perceptual learning will provide a detailed understanding of how the perceptual system restructures its sublexical representations. Our work to date in this area has shown that the system is appropriately conservative about such restructuring, only changing the representations to accommodate phonetic variation when the variation is characteristic of a speaker (the Conservative Adjustment/Restructuring Principle, or “CA/RP”). The proposed experiments will track the representational shift, across time, across number of exposures to a variant, and across the phonetic details of the variants. The product of the proposed research will be a much better understanding of the architecture of the system that accomplishes language comprehension. These studies will provide a much more detailed picture of how lexical and sublexical representations change over both the short term, and the longer term. Such an understanding is critical to our understanding language processing. Because language is such a fundamental cognitive ability, progress in describing language processing will enhance our understanding of human cognition, under both normal and disordered conditions.

语言是人类最基本的认知能力之一。它在正常中起着重要的作用 开发，是在许多领域中获得信息的主要手段。许多心理 疾病（例如精神分裂症，自闭症）可能会破坏这种系统的令人印象深刻的功能 加剧这些疾病的负面后果。 心理语言学家在指定基础的结构和过程方面取得了重大进展 语言理解。在过去的二十年中，我们的实验室学会了很多 关于在一个人的“精神词典”中如何表示单词。我们的研究已经开始阐明 口语的介绍导致特定的词汇表示被激活，以及什么 这种激活的影响是（例如，一个主动词汇表示对他人的影响以及对单位的影响 其他表示）。 当前的建议继续我们调查口语处理，重点是 词汇和亚花系统的动态特性：通过感知学习，有连续的 用于访问词汇条目的亚发表表示的重建。提议 项目包括一系列关于亚发感知学习的理论驱动的经验研究。 实验使用一系列不同的方法，以确保通过 融合操作。关于感知学习的一系列研究将为如何详细了解如何 感知系统还原其次级表示。我们迄今为止在这一领域的工作表明 该系统对这种重组适当保守，只有将表示形式更改为 当变化是说话者的特征时，可容纳语音变化（保守的 调整/重组原理或“ CA/RP”）。提出的实验将跟踪代表性 跨越时间，跨越数量的变体的曝光以及变体的语音细节。 拟议研究的产物将更好地理解 完成语言理解的系统。这些研究将提供更详细的图片 关于短期和长期的词汇和亚发音如何变化。 理解对于我们理解语言处理至关重要。因为语言是如此的基本 认知能力，描述语言处理方面的进步将增强我们对人类的理解 认知，在正常和无序条件下。