CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF LEXICAL ACTIVATION

词汇激活的原因和后果

• 批准号: 2853141
• 负责人: ARTHUR G SAMUEL
• 金额: $ 17.24万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-30 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2853141
• 关键词: auditory feedback; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; comprehension; cues; human subject; neural information processing; psycholinguistics; psychomotor reaction time; sound frequency; speech recognition; syntax

Understanding language is one of the most fundamental human cognitive abilities. It plays an important role in normal development, and is a major means for acquiring information in many domains. Psycholinguists have made significant progress in clarifying the structures and processes that underlie language comprehension. In recent years, it has become clear that a central issue in this area is lexical access. Theories most specify how the presentation of a spoken word leads to a particular lexical representation becoming activated, and what the effects of such activation are: What effect does one active lexical representation have on others, and on units at other levels of representation? The current proposal includes a large set of theoretically-driven empirical studies of lexical activation. The experiments use a range of different methodologies, in order to assure correct theoretical inferences through converging operations. Several of the experiments investigate structural issues: What is the nature of the connections between lexical entries? What types of input and output codes are involved in accessing lexical representations? Are the same unit types (e.g., phonemes, demisyllables, and syllables) used by both input (perception) and output (production) processes? Other experiments explore aspects of lexical processing: Is lexical access a purely bottom-up, autonomous process, or is the architecture interactive, with top- down information flow? Does processing proceed in a strictly "left-to-right" fashion, or does the system instead use some forms of asynchronous processing? More generally, what is the time course of lexical processing? The product of the proposed research will be a much better understanding of the architecture of the system that accomplishes language comprehension. Such an understanding is critical to our understanding language processing. In turn, because language is such a fundamental cognitive ability, progress in describing language processing will enhance our understanding of human cognition.

了解语言是人类最基本的认知能力之一。 它在正常发展中起着重要作用，是在许多领域中获取信息的主要手段。 心理语言学家在澄清语言理解的基础结构和过程方面取得了重大进展。 近年来，很明显，该领域的核心问题是词汇通道。 理论最多指出，口语的呈现如何导致特定的词汇表示被激活，以及这种激活的影响是什么：一种主动词汇表示对他人的影响以及对其他表示的单位有什么影响？当前的建议包括一系列理论上驱动的词汇激活经验研究。 实验使用一系列不同的方法，以确保通过融合操作确保正确的理论推论。 一些实验研究了结构性问题：词汇条目之间的联系的性质是什么？ 在访问词汇表示方面涉及哪些类型的输入和输出代码？ 输入（感知）和输出（生产）过程都使用相同的单位类型（例如音素，分节符号和音节）？ 其他实验探讨了词汇处理的各个方面：词汇访问是纯粹的自下而上，自主过程，还是架构交互式互动，并具有上流信息流？ 处理是否以严格的“从左到右”的方式进行，还是系统使用某些形式的异步处理？ 更一般而言，词汇处理的时间过程是什么？拟议的研究的产物将更好地理解完成语言理解的系统的体系结构。 这种理解对于我们理解语言处理至关重要。 反过来，由于语言是一种基本的认知能力，因此描述语言处理的进展将增强我们对人类认知的理解。