LONG TERM CONSEQUENCES OF POSTNATAL STRESS

产后压力的长期后果

• 批准号: 2247726
• 负责人: SEYMOUR LEVINE
• 金额: $ 33.59万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-30 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2247726
• 关键词: Saimiri; animal developmental psychology; animal food; behavior; behavior test; cortisol; dyadic interaction; environmental adaptation; environmental stressor; infant animal; longitudinal animal study; parent offspring interaction; psychological models; psychological stressor; psychophysiology; psychosocial separation; radioimmunoassay; sex hormones; statistics /biometry; stimulus /response; stress

The proposed research is designed to study the long term consequences of being exposed to psychosocial stress (episodic vs. chronic) during infancy using a well controlled nonhuman primate model. It is based upon two recent findings from this laboratory's mother-infant (m-i) research program. First, we have found that squirrel monkey infants that had experienced repeated brief m-i separations prior to weaning displayed an earlier onset of puberty and a reduced biobehavioral response to the stress of social isolation when examined as juveniles. Second, we have established a paradigm that produces chronic stress that can be imposed m-i squirrel monkey dyads to study the long term effects of chronic stress during infancy. Increasing the difficulty to obtain food (without restricting the amount of food consumed) resulted in chronic elevation of plasma cortisol levels in both mother infants, and disruption of social relationships. The specific aims of this proposal are: 1) To assess the long term consequences of exposure to the acute and episodic stress of repeated m-i separations. We will investigate whether these effects are simply a response to removal from the mother or whether the degree of the stress associated with the separation is important. The length of separation and the environment into which the infant is placed following separation will be varied in ways that have been shown to increase or decrease the indices of stress. In addition to studying the undisturbed behavioral and physiological development of these differentially-reared monkeys, we will assess their biobehavioral responses to a variety of psychosocial stimuli (e.g., social isolation, exposure to a novel stimuli in the home cage, placement in a novel environment alone or with unfamiliar conspecifics) beginning at weaning and continuing through early adulthood. 2) To investigate the long term consequences of exposure to chronic stress during infancy. Specifically, this study will assess the long term effects of the stress associated with being reared under conditions of increased difficulty to obtain food. These offspring will be subjected to a similar battery of tests as referred to above. 3) To examine the interaction of the acute stress of m-i separation with the chronic stress of increased difficulty to obtain food. In addition to determining the long term consequences of being separated under a chronic stressful environment, this study will examine the immediate response of the m-i dyad to the challenge of brief separation and its subsequent effect on the m-i relationship upon reunion under conditions of chronic stress.

拟议的研究旨在研究长期后果 在婴儿期遭受社会心理压力（偶发性与慢性） 使用控制良好的非人类灵长类动物模型。 它基于两个 该实验室母婴 (m-i) 研究的最新发现 程序。 首先，我们发现松鼠猴婴儿有 断奶前经历过反复短暂的 M-I 分离 青春期提前，对压力的生物行为反应减弱 青少年时期接受检查时发现社会孤立。 其次，我们有 建立了一种产生慢性压力的范式，可以施加m-i 松鼠猴二人组研究慢性压力的长期影响 在婴儿期。 增加获取食物的难度（没有 限制食物消耗量）导致慢性升高 母婴血浆皮质醇水平以及社交障碍 关系。 该提案的具体目标是： 1) 评估暴露于急性和急性传染病的长期后果 反复的 m-i 分离带来的间歇性压力。 我们将调查是否 这些影响只是对离开母亲或是否 与分离相关的应力程度很重要。 这 分离时间的长短和婴儿所处的环境 分离后的情况会有所不同，已被证明 增加或减少压力指数。 除了学习 这些人的行为和生理发育不受干扰 差异饲养的猴子，我们将评估它们的生物行为反应 各种社会心理刺激（例如，社会孤立、暴露于 家中笼子里的新奇刺激，单独放置在新奇的环境中或 与不熟悉的同种动物）从断奶开始一直持续到 成年早期。 2) 调查慢性压力的长期后果 在婴儿期。 具体来说，这项研究将评估长期影响 与在增加的条件下饲养有关的压力 获取食物困难。 这些后代将受到类似的待遇 如上所述的一系列测试。 3）检查m-i分离的急性应力与 获取食物越来越困难所带来的慢性压力。 此外 确定长期分居的长期后果 压力环境中，本研究将考察人们的即时反应 M-I 二元关系应对短暂分离的挑战及其后续影响 关于在慢性压力条件下重聚时的 m-i 关系。