MATERNAL REGULATION OF INFANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR

婴儿生理和行为的母亲调节

• 批准号: 2246317
• 负责人: SEYMOUR LEVINE
• 金额: $ 24.7万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-05-01 至 1999-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2246317
• 关键词: adrenocorticotropic hormone; animal developmental psychology; biological models; central nervous system; child behavior; corticosteroid receptors; corticotropin releasing factor; developmental neurobiology; glucocorticoids; laboratory rat; mother deprivation; neuroendocrine system; neurogenesis; newborn animals; pituitary adrenal axis

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been shown to affect the development and differentiation of a number of tissues. High perinatal GCs act on the developing central nervous system to permanently alter behavior, homeostatic control mechanisms, and the morphology and physiology of the brain. However, most studies in this area have been pharmacological in nature. In the rat, elevating endogenous GC levels during the perinatal period has been difficult, as there are mechanisms during this period, whereby GC levels are maintained at low and constant levels. Between days 4 and 14, pups do not show a GC response to stressors which, in the adult, normally lead to large GC elevations. This period is known as the "stress hyporesponsive period" (SHRP). However, we have recently observed that following 24 hr of maternal deprivation, rat pups show a marked increase in their GC response to stress (novelty) and ACTH administration at ages at which nondeprived pups show none. Using the maternal deprivation paradigm, we can now elevate endogenous GCs during critical periods of development, and thus, study the neuroendocrine and behavioral consequences of these elevated GCs. Stress during pregnancy in the human has been reported to have deleterious effects on the physiological and psychological development of the child. Many neural systems which develop prenatally in the human do so postnatally in the rat. Thus, the neonatal rat may constitute a good animal model in which to study the effects of GCs on these developmental processes. The proposal has four specific aims: 1) To examine which components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system (HPA) are modified by maternal deprivation. GCs, ACTH, CRF, and glucocorticoid receptors will be studied during the 24 hr period of maternal deprivation. 2) To examine which aspect of maternal behavior is responsible for inhibiting the HPA system in the rat pup. 3) To examine whether perinatal maternal deprivation influences the subsequent activity of the HPA system and behavior during the pre- and postweaning period. 4) To examine whether perinatal maternal deprivation alters neuroendocrine activity and behavior in adulthood.

糖皮质激素（GC）已显示出影响发展的 和许多组织的分化。 高围产期GC 对发展的中枢神经系统行动以永久改变 行为，体内控制机制以及形态和 大脑的生理学。 但是，该领域的大多数研究都有 本质上是药理。 在大鼠中，抬高内源性 围产期期间的GC水平很困难，因为 是在此期间保持GC水平的机制 在低和恒定水平。 在第4至14天之间，幼崽没有 显示对压力源的GC反应，在成年人中，通常领导 到大型GC高程。 这个时期被称为“压力 低回应期”（SHRP）。 但是，我们最近观察到，孕产妇24小时后 剥夺，大鼠幼崽的GC响应显着增加 在年龄段的压力（新颖）和ACTH给药 非剥夺幼崽没有显示。 使用孕产妇剥夺 范式，我们现在可以在关键时期提升内源性GC 发展，因此研究神经内分泌和行为 这些升高的GC的后果。 怀孕期间的压力 据报道，人类对 孩子的生理和心理发展。 许多 人类产前发展的神经系统这样做 后产后在大鼠中。 因此，新生大鼠可能构成 在其中研究GC对这些影响的好动物模型 发展过程。 该提案具有四个具体目标：1）检查哪个 下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺系统（HPA）的组成部分是 通过孕产妇剥夺修改。 GCS，ACTH，CRF和 糖皮质激素受体将在24小时内进行研究 孕产妇的剥夺。 2）检查孕产妇的哪个方面 行为负责抑制大鼠的HPA系统 小狗。 3）检查围产期孕产妇剥夺是否 影响HPA系统和行为的随后活动 在断奶前和后期。 4）检查是否 围产期孕产妇剥夺会改变神经内分泌活性和 成年的行为。