Theory of Resurgence of Cocaine Seeking

可卡因复兴理论

基本信息

批准号：
8723634
负责人：
Timothy A Shahan
金额：
$ 17.36万
依托单位：
UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-05-01 至 2016-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8723634
关键词：
Abstinence Accounting Animal Behavior Animal Model Animals Behavior Behavior Control Behavior Therapy Behavioral Child Chronic Clinical Clinical Treatment Cocaine Cues Data Development Developmental Disabilities Disease Drug Addiction Drug abuse Drug usage Event Exposure to Extinction (Psychology)Food Frequencies Future Human Intervention Laboratories Learning Literature Modeling Occupations Operant Conditioning Outcome Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Play Problem behavior Procedures Production Psychological reinforcement Public Health Rattus Relapse Research Rewards Role Self Administration Source Stress Substance abuse problem Testing Translating Translations addiction base conditioning disability drug of abuse drug reinforcement drug relapse non-drug novel prevent public health relevance reinforced behavior reinforcer research study theories voucher

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant: Relapse is one of the defining features of drug addiction and can be precipitated by a variety of events such as exposure to drugs, drug cues, or stress. Drug taking is operant behavior, and drugs abused by humans function as reinforcers for animals in drug self-administration procedures. Availability of non-drug reinforcement decreases drug self-administration in the laboratory, and behavioral interventions explicitly arranging alternative non-drug reinforcers have been some of the most successful treatments for drug addiction. However, relapse is common when such treatment ends and the alternative reinforcers are no longer provided. Furthermore, loss of non-drug reinforcement outside of treatment might play a role in stress-related relapse more generally. Although existing animal models of relapse are useful for examining the mechanisms of relapse, they do not examine relapse induced by loss of reinforcement for alternative behavior. We have shown that "resurgence", another relapse phenomenon in operant conditioning, can provide a useful animal model of drug relapse induced by loss of alternative reinforcement. Resurgence refers to the reappearance of an extinguished operant behavior when an alternative behavior reinforced during extinction is also subsequently placed on extinction. We have demonstrated resurgence of extinguished cocaine self-administration of rats and have developed a quantitative model of resurgence that does a good job accounting for the existing data on resurgence of food-maintained behavior. The theory has proven useful in translation to clinical treatments using alternative reinforcement to reduce problem behavior of children with development disabilities, but has not been examined within the context of drug seeking. This R21 CEBRA project will adapt this theory to addictions research. Specific Aim 1 examines core predictions of the theory about how drug reinforcement and alternative reinforcement interact in the production of relapse. The theory predicts that more frequent or larger alternative reinforcers produce greater relapse when alternative reinforcement is removed. There is some evidence that patients receiving larger vouchers during treatment are more likely to relapse than those achieving similar levels of abstinence with smaller vouchers. Thus, in addition to serving a critical role in adapting the theory to addictions research, completion of this aim could also show how the theory might be useful for informing future interventions for substance abuse. Specific Aim 2 examines two predictions of the theory about how relapse induced by loss of alternative non-drug reinforcement might be reduced. Completion of aim this will serve a critical role in examining the predictive validity of the theory for drug seeking and evaluate its utility in generating novel hypotheses about how relapse might be reduced.

描述（由申请人提供：复发是药物成瘾的定义特征之一，可以通过多种事件（例如暴露于药物，药物提示或压力）来促进。药物的行为是操作行为，而被人类滥用的药物作为动物作为动物的增强剂，在药物自我管理程序中的增强性，可以降低非毒品的促进性，并降低了非毒品的促进性，并降低了促进性的促进性，以促进无限制的行为，以实现无效的行为。替代的非毒品增强剂是一些最成功的药物成瘾的治疗方法，当这种治疗结束时，替代增强剂不再提供，但在应激中的损失可能会导致相关性的损失，但在应力中可能会造成任何相关性的损失已经表明，在操作调节中，“复发”是另一个复发现象，可以提供有用的动物模型，以造成替代增强的损失引起的药物复发。复兴是指当灭绝期间加强替代行为的灭绝行为的重新出现。我们已经证明了大鼠可卡因自我给药的复兴，并开发了一种定量的复苏模型，该模型可以很好地考虑有关食物维护行为的现有数据的核算。该理论已被证明可用于使用替代加强来转化为临床治疗，以减少发育障碍儿童的问题行为，但在寻求药物的背景下尚未进行检查。这个R21 CEBRA项目将使该理论适应成瘾研究。具体目标1研究了有关药物加强和替代增强在复发产生中如何相互作用的理论的核心预测。该理论预测，除去替代加固时，更频繁或更大的替代增强剂会产生更大的复发。有证据表明，在治疗期间获得较大凭证的患者比以较小的代金券的戒酒水平更可能复发。因此，除了在将理论调整为成瘾研究，该目标的完成还可以表明该理论对于为滥用药物的未来干预措施提供了有用。具体目标2研究了有关如何减少替代非药物强化引起的复发方式的两个预测。目标的完成将在研究该理论寻求药物的预测有效性和评估其在产生有关如何减少复发的新假设方面的预测有效性中发挥关键作用。