Basic and Clinical Studies in Reinforcing Positive Behaviors in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

加强智力和发育障碍积极行为的基础和临床研究

• 批准号: 10348693
• 负责人: Timothy A Shahan
• 金额: $ 53.57万
• 依托单位: UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-02-09 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10348693
• 关键词: Affect; Aggressive behavior; Animals; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Caregivers; Child; Choice Behavior; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Collaborations; Complex; Dangerousness; Data; Extinction (Psychology); Individual; Infant; Intellectual functioning disability; Knowledge; Laws; Mathematics; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Pattern; Phase; Problem behavior; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Quality of life; Rattus; Recording of previous events; Reinforcement Schedule; Relapse; Research Personnel; Schedule; Scientist; Self-Injurious Behavior; Siblings; Source; Testing; Thinness; Time; Translating; base; behavioral momentum; clinical practice; clinically relevant; comorbidity; developmental disease; discounting; experimental study; improved; innovation; insight; mathematical model; novel; predicting response; reinforcer; research clinical testing; response; severe behavior problem; social integration; theories; treatment duration

Abstract Understanding complex comorbid conditions of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) is an NICHD priority. Severe problem behavior (e.g., self-injurious behavior, aggression) of children with IDD is prevalent, potentially dangerous, and negatively impacts social integration and quality of life. Function-based differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) interventions reduce such behavior effectively, but treatment relapse often occurs when a caregiver does not deliver reinforcement for the alternative behavior. Such relapse is known as resurgence. The efficacy of DRA interventions in reducing severe problem behavior has long been theorized to be related to the same basic processes that govern choice between concurrently available sources of reinforcement. However, quantitative theories of such choice behavior (e.g., the matching law) have not previously been applicable to resurgence following DRA because they could not account for situations in which one or both behaviors no longer produced reinforcement. This project represents a collaboration between a basic scientist/theorist and clinical scientists with expertise in DRA treatments to evaluate and translate the predictions of a novel choice-based theory of resurgence. This innovative theory is built from two fundamental and well-established principles of reinforcement: (a) individuals allocate proportionally more responding to responses that produce proportionally more reinforcement (i.e., the matching law); and (b) the value of reinforcement decreases hyperbolically as it recedes further into the past. By combining these two principles into a mathematical model, the theory accounts for resurgence in situations in which the only existing quantitative theory of resurgence (behavioral momentum theory) has failed. The choice-based theory generates novel predictions about the precise conditions under which resurgence might be expected to occur and how treatments might be altered to reduce resurgence (e.g., extending treatment duration, dynamically adjusting schedule thinning). This project empirically examines these and other novel predictions about variables of high potential clinical relevance, but for which clear data are lacking (e.g., effects of different response efforts for the target and alternative responses) and directly translates insights from the theory and basic research with animals in order to improve treatment of problem behavior in the clinic and reduce treatment relapse. Our overarching hypothesis is that DRA interventions informed by this novel theory will be less susceptible to resurgence of problem behavior: (a) during periods when reinforcers are unavailable; (b) when reinforcer availability diminishes during reinforcement schedule thinning; and (c) when other response or reinforcement parameters change, such as increases in response effort. Thus, this project seeks to fill existing gaps in basic/theoretical knowledge about resurgence and represents a rare close collaboration between basic and clinical scientists to better align basic research and clinical practice.

抽象的 了解智力发育障碍 (IDD) 的复杂共病是 NICHD 的首要任务。 患有 IDD 的儿童普遍存在严重问题行为（例如自残行为、攻击行为） 危险，并对社会融合和生活质量产生负面影响。基于功能的差异强化 替代行为 (DRA) 干预措施可以有效减少此类行为，但治疗复发常常发生在以下情况： 照顾者不会为替代行为提供强化。这种复发称为复发。这 长期以来，DRA 干预措施在减少严重问题行为方面的功效一直被认为与以下因素有关： 控制同时可用的强化来源之间选择的基本过程。然而，定量 这种选择行为的理论（例如匹配法则）以前不适用于以下情况的复苏： DRA 因为他们无法解释一种或两种行为不再产生强化的情况。 该项目代表了基础科学家/理论家和具有 DRA 专业知识的临床科学家之间的合作 评估和转化基于选择的新型复苏理论预测的治疗方法。这种创新的 理论建立在两个基本且行之有效的强化原则之上：（a）个人分配 对按比例产生更多强化的反应做出更多反应（即匹配法则）； (b)随着时间的推移，强化的价值呈双曲线下降。通过结合这些 将两个原理融入到一个数学模型中，该理论解释了在唯一存在的情况下的复兴 定量理论的复兴（行为动量理论）已经失败。基于选择的理论产生 关于复苏可能发生的精确条件以及如何发生的新颖预测 可能会改变治疗方法以减少复发（例如，延长治疗持续时间、动态调整时间表 细化）。该项目根据经验检验了这些以及其他关于高潜力临床变量的新颖预测。 相关性，但缺乏明确的数据（例如，不同应对措施对目标和替代方案的影响） 反应）并直接转化理论和动物基础研究的见解，以改进 在诊所治疗问题行为并减少治疗复发。我们的首要假设是 DRA 基于这一新颖理论的干预措施将不易受到问题行为再次出现的影响：(a) 强化物不可用的时期； (b) 当强化物的可用性在强化计划期间减少时 变薄； (c) 当其他反应或强化参数发生变化时，例如反应努力的增加。 因此，该项目旨在填补有关复兴的基础/理论知识方面的现有空白，并代表了一种罕见的 基础科学家和临床科学家密切合作，更好地协调基础研究和临床实践。