Basic and Clinical Studies in Reinforcing Positive Behaviors in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

加强智力和发育障碍积极行为的基础和临床研究

• 批准号: 10348693
• 负责人: Timothy A Shahan
• 金额: $ 53.57万
• 依托单位: UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-02-09 至 2023-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10348693
• 关键词: Affect; Aggressive behavior; Animals; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Caregivers; Child; Choice Behavior; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Collaborations; Complex; Dangerousness; Data; Extinction (Psychology); Individual; Infant; Intellectual functioning disability; Knowledge; Laws; Mathematics; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Pattern; Phase; Problem behavior; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Quality of life; Rattus; Recording of previous events; Reinforcement Schedule; Relapse; Research Personnel; Schedule; Scientist; Self-Injurious Behavior; Siblings; Source; Testing; Thinness; Time; Translating; base; behavioral momentum; clinical practice; clinically relevant; comorbidity; developmental disease; discounting; experimental study; improved; innovation; insight; mathematical model; novel; predicting response; reinforcer; research clinical testing; response; severe behavior problem; social integration; theories; treatment duration

Abstract Understanding complex comorbid conditions of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) is an NICHD priority. Severe problem behavior (e.g., self-injurious behavior, aggression) of children with IDD is prevalent, potentially dangerous, and negatively impacts social integration and quality of life. Function-based differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) interventions reduce such behavior effectively, but treatment relapse often occurs when a caregiver does not deliver reinforcement for the alternative behavior. Such relapse is known as resurgence. The efficacy of DRA interventions in reducing severe problem behavior has long been theorized to be related to the same basic processes that govern choice between concurrently available sources of reinforcement. However, quantitative theories of such choice behavior (e.g., the matching law) have not previously been applicable to resurgence following DRA because they could not account for situations in which one or both behaviors no longer produced reinforcement. This project represents a collaboration between a basic scientist/theorist and clinical scientists with expertise in DRA treatments to evaluate and translate the predictions of a novel choice-based theory of resurgence. This innovative theory is built from two fundamental and well-established principles of reinforcement: (a) individuals allocate proportionally more responding to responses that produce proportionally more reinforcement (i.e., the matching law); and (b) the value of reinforcement decreases hyperbolically as it recedes further into the past. By combining these two principles into a mathematical model, the theory accounts for resurgence in situations in which the only existing quantitative theory of resurgence (behavioral momentum theory) has failed. The choice-based theory generates novel predictions about the precise conditions under which resurgence might be expected to occur and how treatments might be altered to reduce resurgence (e.g., extending treatment duration, dynamically adjusting schedule thinning). This project empirically examines these and other novel predictions about variables of high potential clinical relevance, but for which clear data are lacking (e.g., effects of different response efforts for the target and alternative responses) and directly translates insights from the theory and basic research with animals in order to improve treatment of problem behavior in the clinic and reduce treatment relapse. Our overarching hypothesis is that DRA interventions informed by this novel theory will be less susceptible to resurgence of problem behavior: (a) during periods when reinforcers are unavailable; (b) when reinforcer availability diminishes during reinforcement schedule thinning; and (c) when other response or reinforcement parameters change, such as increases in response effort. Thus, this project seeks to fill existing gaps in basic/theoretical knowledge about resurgence and represents a rare close collaboration between basic and clinical scientists to better align basic research and clinical practice.

抽象的 了解智力发育障碍（IDD）的复杂合并状况是NICHD的优先事项。 IDD儿童的严重问题行为（例如，自我伤害行为，侵略性）很普遍，可能 危险，并对社会融合和生活质量产生负面影响。基于功能的差分强化 替代行为（DRA）干预措施有效地减少了这种行为，但是治疗复发通常发生在 护理人员不会为替代行为提供加固。这种复发称为复发。这 DRA干预措施在减少严重问题行为方面的疗效已长期以来与相同 在同时可用的强化来源之间进行选择的基本过程。但是，定量 这种选择行为的理论（例如，匹配定律）以前不适用于复兴 DRA是因为他们无法解释一种或两种行为不再产生强化的情况。 该项目代表了基础科学家/理论家与临床科学家之间具有专业知识的临床科学家之间的合作 评估和翻译基于新型选择的复苏理论的预测。这种创新 理论是由两种基本和良好的强化原则建立的：（a）个人分配 对产生比例更加强化的反应（即匹配定律）的反应更多地反应； （b）加固的价值随着进一步退缩到过去而倍增。通过结合这些 在数学模型中的两个原则，该理论在唯一现有的情况下解释了唯一的情况 复兴的定量理论（行为动量理论）失败了。基于选择的理论生成 关于预期可能发生的精确条件以及如何进行的新预测 治疗可能会改变以减少复苏（例如，延长治疗时间，动态调整时间表 稀疏）。该项目经验研究了这些有关高潜在临床变量的这些新颖的预测 相关性，但缺乏明确的数据（例如，对目标和替代方案的不同响应工作的影响 回答），直接转化了与动物的理论和基础研究的见解，以改善 治疗诊所中问题行为并减少治疗复发。我们的总体假设是DRA 这种新颖理论所告知的干预措施将不太容易发生问题行为：（a）期间 钢筋不可用的时期； （b）当增强器的可用性在加固时间表中降低时 稀疏； （c）当其他响应或增强参数发生变化时，例如响应工作增加。 因此，该项目旨在填补有关复兴的基本/理论知识的现有空白，并代表了一个罕见的 基础科学家和临床科学家之间的密切合作，以更好地调整基础研究和临床实践。