CALCULATED RECIPROCITY IN CHIMPANZEES

黑猩猩的互惠计算

• 批准号: 2248890
• 负责人: FRANS B DE WAAL
• 金额: $ 8.55万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-06-01 至 1995-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2248890
• 关键词: Pan; animal food; eating; ethology; judgment; psychological reinforcement; social adjustment; social cooperation; social group process

The proposed research is part of a continuing effort to map nonhuman primate social cognition. It marks a shift in PI's methodology from observation of spontaneous behavior to noninvasive experimental manipulation. The aspect selected for study is social reciprocity, which is considered a key element of human social functioning and morality. A previous study of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) suggested food- sharing as a promising dependent variable in this species. An outdoor-housed group of captive chimpanzees will be subjected to food trials in which all individuals are present, as well as to experiments designed to increase the optimal character of food sharing. This will be achieved by temporary separation of particular individuals during which time they will discover food and subsequently be given the choice to either rejoin the group or consume the food undisturbed. In a variation on this experiment, subjects can consume the food on their own but conspecifics will be allowed to watch. A comparison of behavior across the various conditions will test the prediction that chimpanzees take the perceptions of conspecifics into account. Because of the close taxonomic relation between humans and chimpanzees, the reciprocity system of chimpanzees may depend on emotions, social pressures, and cognitive evaluations that are fundamentally similar to those underlying human reciprocity. Investigation of how individuals judge and influence one another may increase understanding of misjudgments underlying social dysfunction.

拟议的研究是不断绘制非人类的努力的一部分 灵长类动物的社会认知。 它标志着Pi方法论从 观察到无创实验的自发行为 操纵。 选择学习的方面是社会互惠，这是 被认为是人类社会功能和道德的关键要素。 一个 先前对圈养的黑猩猩（Pan Troglodytes）的研究建议食物 作为该物种中有希望的因变量共享。 一群室外的圈养黑猩猩将受到食物的约束 所有个人都存在的试验以及实验 旨在提高食品共享的最佳特征。 这将是 通过临时分离特定个人来实现 他们会发现食物，然后选择 重新加入小组或消耗不受干扰的食物。 变种 在此实验中，受试者可以自己食用食物，但 同种将被允许观看。 跨越行为的比较 各种条件将测试黑猩猩接受的预测 考虑到同种的看法。 由于人类与黑猩猩之间的分类关系有着密切的分类关系， 黑猩猩的互惠系统可能取决于情绪，社会 压力和认知评估从根本上类似 那些根本的人类互惠。 调查个人如何 判断和影响彼此可能会增加对 社会功能障碍的基础错误判断。