RELATION BETWEEN SPACE AND AGGRESSION IN RHESUS MACAQUES

恒河猴的空间与攻击性之间的关系

• 批准号: 3421509
• 负责人: FRANS B DE WAAL
• 金额: $ 4.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-09-30 至 1993-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3421509
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; aggression; animal population density; animal welfare research; coping; gender difference; social space; socioenvironment; territoriality; veterinary science

Research institutions have recently come under attack for trauma in their rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The fighting is blamed on crowded housing conditions. The literature, however, suggest a more complex relation between space and aggression. A comparison between free-ranging temple monkeys in Kathmandu, monkeys in a large corral, and caged monkeys with a relatively high population density yields and average rate of between 1.6 and 2.2 aggressive acts performed per adult female per hour. In addition to this small variability, the highest rate is not found under the most crowded condition. For males, the variation is greater, with by the highest aggression rate in the free-ranging population. Nonaggressive behavior can also be affected by spatial conditions. Patterns which increase under crowding (e.g. grooming) may serve to regulate social tensions. Buffering mechanisms are expected to be particularly well- developed in groups of monkeys with a long history of captive housing. The proposed research aims at an investigation of 1) the relation between population density and the rate of aggressive behavior in well-established, provisioned rhesus monkey groups under a wide range of spatial conditions, and 2) the role of affiliative behavior in social adjustment to environmental conditions. For this purpose, rhesus monkeys will be observed in social groups housed in laboratory cages, in medium to large pens, and in spacious corrals at two Regional Primate Research Centers. These observations will be compared with those on Free-ranging, provisioned groups of the same species. Except for one experimental manipulation, the study will be of an observational nature. Subjects will be observed in the environment in which they have lived for many years, surrounded by familiar individuals. The social behavior of one individual at a time will be recorded on a portable computer during ten-minute intervals. Besides aggressive acts of various intensities, records will include the context of aggression, the direction and duration of affiliative behavior, and the probability of inter-opponent reunion following an aggressive incident. Over a 3 year period data will be collected on 42 adult males and 150 adult females. The proposed experiment consists of confining an entire monkey group for eight hours to a familiar space that is smaller than their normal enclosure. Such acute crowding is expected to have a greater effect on aggression than chronic crowding. The study is intended to illuminate some of the pros and cons of social housing; an important issue in the ongoing debate about laboratory animal well-being.

研究机构最近受到了创伤的攻击 恒河猴（Macaca Mulatta）。 战斗归咎于拥挤的住房 状况。 但是，文献暗示了一个更复杂的关系 在空间和侵略性之间。 自由放养寺庙之间的比较 加德满都的猴子，猴子在一个大畜栏中，笼子里的猴子 人口密度相对较高，平均率在1.6之间 和2.2个每小时成年女性执行的侵略性行为。 此外 对于这种微小的可变性，最高的速率是最高的 拥挤的状况。 对于男性，变化更大，与 自由放大人口中的攻击率最高。 非侵略性 行为也可能受到空间条件的影响。 图案 在拥挤下增加（例如修饰）可能有助于规范社会 紧张。 预计缓冲机制特别好 以悠久的住房历史悠久的猴子群体开发。 拟议的研究旨在调查1） 人口密度和公认的侵略性行为率， 在广泛的空间条件下提供的恒河猴群 2）从属行为在社会调整中的作用 环境条件。 为此，恒河猴将是 在实验室笼子里观察到的社会群体，中等到大 钢笔，以及两个区域灵长类动物研究中心的宽敞畜栏。 这些观察结果将与自由放养的那些观察结果进行比较 同一物种组。 除一种实验操作外，该研究将是 观察性质。 将在环境中观察到主题 他们生活了很多年，周围是熟悉的人。 一个人一次的社会行为将记录在一个 在十分钟间隔内便携式计算机。 除了激进的行为 各种强度，记录将包括侵略的背景， 隶属行为的方向和持续时间，以及 侵略性事件发生后，跨分数聚会。 三年 周期数据将收集42名成年男性和150名成年女性。 这 拟议的实验包括将整个猴子组限制为八个 到达比正常外壳小的熟悉空间的小时。 预计这种急性拥挤对侵略有更大的影响 慢性拥挤。 该研究旨在阐明社会的一些利弊 住房;关于实验室动物的正在进行的辩论中的一个重要问题 福利。