Connecting Alcohol Myopia to Real-World Risk Behaviors through Cognitive Ecological Momentary Assessment

通过认知生态瞬时评估将酒精近视与现实世界的风险行为联系起来

• 批准号: 10452909
• 负责人: Anna E. Jaffe
• 金额: $ 20.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-07 至 2023-06-05
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10452909
• 关键词: Acute; Adopted; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Attention; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral Research; Biosensor; Cellular Phone; Cessation of life; Cognitive; Criminal Justice; Cues; Data; Development; Distant; Dose; Driving While Intoxicated; Drunk driving; Ecological momentary assessment; Environment; Evaluation; Exclusion; Feedback; Foundations; Future; Goals; Healthcare; Heavy Drinking; Impaired cognition; Individual; Injury; Intelligence; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Interview; Intoxication; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Lead; Link; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Methodology; Mission; Modeling; Myopia; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Persons; Phase; Physiological; Placebo Effect; Process; Productivity; Property; Psychometrics; Public Health; Reaction; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Societies; Testing; Time; Unsafe Sex; Victimization; Workplace; Wrist; acceptability and feasibility; adaptive intervention; aged; alcohol effect; alcohol involvement; alcohol myopia; alcohol prevention; alcohol related consequences; alcohol risk; base; behavioral response; cognitive function; cognitive task; cognitive testing; cost; dosage; drinking; heavy drinking young adult; heuristics; innovation; prototype; sexual risk taking; smartphone based assessment; theories; therapy development; tool; unintended pregnancy; unsafe driving; usability; user-friendly; young adult

ABSTRACT Young adults’ heavy drinking represents a substantial public health problem, in part because alcohol use is associated with risk behaviors that can have both short- and long-term consequences for individuals and society as a whole. Alcohol myopia theory (AMT) has emerged as a prominent framework to understand why acute alcohol intoxication is associated with increased likelihood of risk behaviors, such as aggression, unprotected sex, and unsafe driving. AMT asserts that alcohol narrows one’s attention, reducing the range of external and internal cues that one can process, increasing the focus on “here-and-now” central information at the cost of longer-term, peripheral information. This attentional narrowing is theorized to limit the processing of cues that may otherwise inhibit risk behaviors, as costs and consequences tend to be more peripheral or temporally distant than immediate rewards. Although AMT is supported by laboratory research, the connection between AMT and real-world risk-taking remains unclear. Clarifying whether myopia is indeed a mechanism will be an important step toward dynamic theory-based interventions targeting alcohol-related risk behaviors. To advance theory and inform intervention development, the current study will (1) adapt laboratory-based cognitive tasks to assess spatial and temporal alcohol myopia for smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMA), (2) evaluate feasibility, acceptability, reliability, and validity of the adapted smartphone tasks in laboratory and EMA settings, and (3) explore AMT within EMA by testing myopia as a mediator of the intoxication-risk behavior association. To achieve these aims, interviews will be conducted with up to 30 young adults to inform iterative improvements that maximize usability of myopia tasks on smartphones. Then, 100 heavy drinking young adults will complete a laboratory session involving alcohol administration to test the adapted myopia tasks within a controlled setting. These participants will also complete eight consecutive weekends of EMA to assess spatial and temporal myopia and risk behaviors in their natural environments, while wearing a wrist-based transdermal alcohol biosensor to objectively and unobtrusively assess intoxication levels. By integrating laboratory and EMA findings, this study will yield tasks that allow for a comprehensive understanding of alcohol myopia, including within- and between-person variability in myopia, dose-dependent effects of AMT within natural drinking episodes, and associations with real-world risk behaviors. The rigorous development and testing of cognitive EMA for myopia will pave the way for new just-in-time adaptive interventions targeting myopia to reduce risk behaviors when drinking. By using innovative tools and methodologies to advance behavioral research and interventions, this proposal is consistent with the NIAAA mission and strategic goals to identify patterns and strategies to prevent alcohol-related consequences.

抽象的 年轻人的大量饮酒代表了一个重大的公共卫生问题，部分原因是饮酒是 与风险行为相关，这些行为可能会对个人产生短期和长期后果以及 整个社会。酒精近视理论（AMT）已成为一个重要的框架，以了解为什么 急性酒精中毒与风险行为的可能性增加有关，例如侵略性， 无保护的性行为和不安全的驾驶。 AMT断言酒精会狭窄的注意力，减少 可以处理的外部和内部提示，增加了对“此处”中心信息的关注 长期，外围信息的成本。理论上将注意力缩小缩小以限制 可能会抑制风险行为的提示，因为成本和后果往往更加外围或 暂时遥不可及的奖励。尽管AMT得到了实验室研究的支持，但联系 在AMT和现实世界中冒险之间的冒险仍然不清楚。澄清近视是否确实是一种机制 将是针对酒精相关风险行为的基于动态理论干预措施的重要一步。 为了推进理论并为干预发展提供信息，当前的研究将（1）调整基于实验室的研究 评估基于智能手机的生态瞬时的空间和临时酒精近视的认知任务 评估（EMA），（2）评估可行性，可接受性，可靠性和有效性 实验室和EMA设置的任务，以及（3）通过测试近视作为调解人的近视探索AMT 中毒风险行为关联。为了实现这些目标，面试将以最多30年的年轻进行 成年人告知迭代改进，以最大程度地提高智能手机上近视任务的可用性。然后，100 大量饮酒的年轻人将完成涉及酒精管理的实验室会议，以测试 在受控设置中调整了近视任务。这些参与者还将连续完成八次 EMA的周末评估自然环境中的空间和临时近视和风险行为， 佩戴基于腕部的透皮酒精生物传感器，以客观和不可思议地评估中毒 水平。通过整合实验室和EMA的发现，这项研究将产生允许全面的任务 了解酒精近视，包括近视的近视内和人之间的变异性，剂量依赖性 自然饮酒事件中AMT的影响以及与现实世界风险行为的关联。严格 对近视的认知EMA的开发和测试将为新的即时自适应铺平道路 针对近视的干预措施以减少饮酒时的风险行为。通过使用创新工具和 推进行为研究和干预措施的方法，该提案与NIAAA一致 使命和战略目标，以确定预防酒精相关后果的模式和战略。