Effects of Peritraumatic Alcohol Intoxication on Intrusive Memories

创伤性酒精中毒对侵入性记忆的影响

• 批准号: 8891183
• 负责人: Anna E. Jaffe
• 金额: $ 4.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8891183
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Cognitive; Communities; Concept Formation; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Distress; Dose; Emotional; Etiology; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Face; Film; Forcible intercourse; Grant; Health; Health Care Costs; Heart Rate; High Prevalence; Image; Intervention; Intoxication; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Mediating; Memory; Mental Health; Modeling; Myopia; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Peripheral; Physiological; Placebos; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Process; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Sensory; Sensory Process; Stress; Suicide attempt; Symptoms; Testing; Thinking; Time; Trauma; Victimization; Woman; analog; assault; base; behavior measurement; biological adaptation to stress; cognitive process; design; diaries; experience; intervention program; physical conditioning; productivity loss; psychologic; sexual assault; traumatic event; Address; Affect; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Cognitive; Communities; Concept Formation; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Distress; Dose; Emotional; Etiology; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Face; Film; Forcible intercourse; Grant; Health; Health Care Costs; Heart Rate; High Prevalence; Image; Intervention; Intoxication; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Mediating; Memory; Mental Health; Modeling; Myopia; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Peripheral; Physiological; Placebos; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Process; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Sensory; Sensory Process; Stress; Suicide attempt; Symptoms; Testing; Thinking; Time; Trauma; Victimization; Woman; analog; assault; base; behavior measurement; biological adaptation to stress; cognitive process; design; diaries; experience; intervention program; physical conditioning; productivity loss; psychologic; sexual assault; traumatic event

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nearly 1 in 5 women have been the victim of rape (Black et al., 2011), and about 2 in 5 rape victims develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including intrusive memories (Kilpatrick, Resnick, Ruggierio, Conoscenti, & McCauley, 2007). Intrusive memories, which include vivid, distressing thoughts or images of a traumatic event, are a hallmark symptom of PTSD (Foa, Steketee, & Rothbaum, 1989). Intrusive memories and related trauma symptoms are associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts, comorbid mental health diagnoses (Pietrzak, Goldstein, Southwick, & Grant, 2011), and physical health problems (Pacella, Hruska, & Delahanty, 2013). The high prevalence and suffering associated with intrusive memories following a sexual assault underscore the need to understand the etiology of such intrusions. Prior research has examined various risk factors for the development of intrusions following sexual assault (e.g., cognitive processing and memory for the trauma, peritraumatic stress). However, although half of all women who are sexually assaulted are under the influence of alcohol at the time (Abbey, Zawacki, Buck, Clinton, & McAuslan, 2004), little research has examined the role of victim alcohol intoxication in the development of post-assault trauma symptoms. The present study addresses this need by examining the effects of peritraumatic alcohol intoxication on intrusive memories following exposure to an analog trauma in a community sample of women. Drawing on the Alcohol Myopia Model (AMM; Steele & Josephs, 1990) and a prominent cognitive model of PTSD (Ehlers & Clark, 2000), the present investigation examines dose-dependent effects of peritraumatic alcohol intoxication on intrusive memories, as mediated by alcohol myopia, stress responses, cognitive processing style, and disorganization of trauma memories. The study utilizes an experimental design that includes lab-based alcohol administration, a well-accepted analog trauma exposure paradigm (a film with distressing or "traumatic" content), a daily diary assessment of intrusive memories, and behavioral measures of key constructs (e.g., alcohol myopia, stress response). Overall, alcohol myopia is expected to disrupt cognitive processing and formation of trauma memories, resulting in increased intrusive memories for low levels of intoxication. However, stress-response dampening at high levels of intoxication is expected to reduce intrusive memories. Knowledge gained from this study will clarify the role of alcohol intoxication in the development of intrusive memories and is expected to highlight the importance of prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing alcohol-involved victimization.

描述（由申请人提供）：将近五分之一的妇女是强奸的受害者（Black等，2011），大约2个强奸受害者会出现创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的症状，包括侵入性记忆（Kilpatrick，Resnick，Resnick，Ruggierio，Ruggierio，Ruggierio，Conoscenti和McCauley，＆McCauley，2007年）。侵入性记忆包括生动，令人痛苦的想法或创伤事件的图像，是PTSD的标志性症状（FOA，Steketee和Rothbaum，1989年）。侵入性记忆和相关创伤症状与自杀未遂，合并症心理健康诊断的风险增加有关（Pietrzak，Goldstein，Southwick和Grant，2011年）和身体健康问题（Pacella，Hruska和Delahanty，2013年）。性侵犯后，与侵入性记忆相关的高流行和痛苦强调了了解这种侵犯的病因的必要性。先前的研究检查了性侵犯后入侵发展的各种风险因素（例如，创伤的认知处理和记忆力，腹膜性压力）。然而，尽管当时有性侵犯的所有妇女中有一半受到酒精的影响（Abbey，Zawacki，Buck，Clinton和McAuslan，2004年），但很少的研究研究了受害者酒精中毒在侵犯后创伤症状发展中的作用。本研究通过研究妇女社区样本中暴露于模拟创伤后的侵入性记忆的影响来解决这种需求。借助酒精近视模型（AMM; Steele＆Josephs，1990）和PTSD的突出认知模型（Ehlers＆Clark，2000年），本研究研究了腹膜酒精中毒对侵入性记忆的剂量依赖性影响的剂量依赖性对侵入性记忆的影响，如饮酒肌无力的症状，压力肌无力反应，认知能力处理，以及不合理的示例，以及不合理的示例。该研究采用了一种实验设计，该设计包括基于实验室的酒精给药，一种经过良好接受的模拟创伤暴露范式（具有令人痛苦或“创伤性”含量的膜），对侵入性记忆的每日日记评估以及关键结构的行为度量（例如，酒精近视，压力响应）。总体而言，预计酒精近视会破坏创伤记忆的认知处理和形成，从而导致低水平中毒水平的侵入性记忆增加。但是，高水平中毒的应力反应抑制有望减少侵入性记忆。从这项研究中获得的知识将阐明酒精中毒在侵入性记忆的发展中的作用，并有望强调预防和干预计划的重要性，旨在减少涉及酒精的受害者。