Behavioral outcomes and neurobiological mechanisms of sustained auditory selective attention

持续听觉选择性注意的行为结果和神经生物学机制

• 批准号: 10319549
• 负责人: LORI L HOLT
• 金额: $ 50.26万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10319549
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adopted; Adult; Affect; Animal Experimentation; Animals; Attention; Auditory; Auditory area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Characteristics; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication; Communication impairment; Complex; Coupled; Crowding; Developmental Communication Disorders; Dimensions; Disease; Electrophysiology (science); Employment Opportunities; Environment; Equilibrium; Event; Frequencies; Friends; Future; Goals; Grain; Human; Impairment; Learning; Life; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Modeling; Molecular; Neurobiology; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurologic; Noise; Persons; Play; Process; Psychophysics; Quality of life; Research; Resolution; Restaurants; Risk; Schools; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Social isolation; Source; Speech; Stimulus; Stroke; Testing; Training; Traumatic Brain Injury; Work; Workplace; auditory pathway; behavioral outcome; developmental disease; directed attention; evidence base; expectation; improved; innovation; lectures; meetings; multimodality; myelination; nervous system disorder; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel strategies; prevent; remediation; selective attention; sound; theories; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Human communication and other listening behaviors often take place in acoustically complex, or noisy environments like schools, restaurants, and workplaces. Much of daily life requires us to select behaviorally- relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppress irrelevant dimensions, so that the information conveyed can be remembered and responded to appropriately. Unfortunately, this vital everyday ability is affected by many neurological conditions resulting in marked decreases in quality of life. Despite the importance of auditory selective attention, its cognitive and neural mechanisms are poorly understood. For example, although auditory selective attention is widely presumed to involve both a selective enhancement of behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions and suppression of dimensions outside this attentional focus, evidence for suppression is scant. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to arrive at a mechanistic understanding of auditory selective attention. The present project pursues the central hypothesis that human auditory selective attention is a result of processes related to both enhancement (of task-relevant sounds) and suppression (of task-irrelevant sounds). Preliminary studies establish a nonspeech experimental paradigm for engaging - and improving –auditory selective attention directed to specific frequency bands, and for non-invasively mapping it across auditory cortex using multimodal MRI. A parallel preliminary study establishes that attention training drives improvements in behavioral and electrophysiological measures of auditory selective attention. Aim 1 will determine the fine- grained `listening window' through which auditory selective attention prioritizes and selects behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppresses irrelevant dimensions. These studies also will determine the extent to which tasks and expectations created from input regularities shape the listening window. Aim 2 will assess changes in the spectrotemporal shape of the auditory attentional filter as listeners learn to more efficiently deploy auditory selective attention to specific dimensions. Aim 3 will identify the neurobiological underpinnings of auditory selective attention and their changes across improvements in selective attention. In all, the proposed research will weave together classic psychophysical approaches, behavioral training as a means to introduce targeted demands on selective attention, and newly-developed human neuroimaging tools to examine human auditory selective attention along the primary axis of auditory representation – frequency. This will build a bridge from perceptuo-cognitive assays of human auditory selective attention to mechanistic electrophysiological and cellular/molecular studies thus far only undertaken with invasive nonhuman animal work, thereby compounding understanding and building a natural path toward future evidence-based approaches to the remediation of auditory attention impairments.

项目摘要/摘要 人类交流和其他听力行为通常发生在声学复杂或噪音中 学校，餐馆和工作场所等环境。大部分日常生活都要求我们在行为上选择 相关的听觉维度，并有可能抑制不相关的维度，以便传达信息 可以记住并做出适当的回应。不幸的是，这种至关重要的每天都受到 许多神经系统疾病导致生活质量的下降显着下降。尽管听觉很重要 选择性关注，其认知和神经机制知之甚少。例如，尽管听觉 选择性关注被广泛提出，既涉及行为相关的听觉的选择性增强 在注意力重点之外的维度和抑制维度，抑制的证据很少。 拟议的研究的长期目标是对听觉选择性有一种机械理解 注意力。本项目提出了一个中心假设，即人类听觉选择性关注是结果 与增强功能（任务相关的声音）和抑制（任务irrelevant声音）相关的过程。 初步研究建立了一个非语言实验范式，用于参与和改善 - 审计 选择性关注针对特定频带，并非侵入性地绘制在听觉皮层上 使用多模式MRI。一项平行的初步研究表明，注意训练可以改善 听觉选择性关注的行为和电生理测量。 AIM 1将确定罚款 粒度的“听力窗口”通过其中的听觉选择性注意并在行为上选择优先级 相关的听觉维度，并有可能抑制不相关的维度。这些研究也将 确定从输入规律性创建的任务和期望的程度，塑造了听力窗口。 AIM 2将评估听众注意过滤器的频谱形状的变化，因为听众学会了 更有效地将听觉选择性关注到特定维度。 AIM 3将确定 听觉选择性关注的神经生物学基础及其在改善的变化 选择性关注。总的来说，拟议的研究将共同​​编织经典的心理物理方法， 行为培训是引入针对选择性关注的目标需求的手段，并新开发 人类神经影像学工具，以检查人类听觉的选择性关注沿听觉的主要轴 表示 - 频率。这将从人类听觉选择性的感知认知测定法中建造一座桥梁 迄今为止，注意机械电生理学和细胞/分子研究仅使用 侵入性的非人类动物工作，从而使理解和建立自然的道路更加复杂 未来基于证据的方法来修复听觉注意力障碍。