Behavioral outcomes and neurobiological mechanisms of sustained auditory selective attention

持续听觉选择性注意的行为结果和神经生物学机制

基本信息

批准号：
10064026
负责人：
LORI L HOLT
金额：
$ 47.42万
依托单位：
CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-01-01 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10064026
关键词：
Acoustics Adopted Adult Affect Animal Experimentation Animals Attention Auditory Auditory area Automobile Driving Behavior Behavioral Biological Assay Characteristics Clinical Cognitive Communication Communication impairment Complex Coupled Crowding Developmental Communication Disorders Dimensions Disease Electrophysiology (science)Employment Opportunities Environment Equilibrium Event Frequencies Friends Future Goals Grain Human Impairment Learning Life Literature Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Mental Depression Mental disorders Modeling Molecular Neurobiology Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurologic Noise Play Process Psychophysics Quality of life Research Resolution Restaurants Risk Schools Shapes Signal Transduction Social isolation Source Speech Stimulus Stroke Testing Training Traumatic Brain Injury Work Workplace auditory pathway behavioral outcome developmental disease directed attention evidence base expectation improved innovation lectures meetings multimodality myelination nervous system disorder neurobiological mechanism neuroimaging neuromechanism novel strategies prevent remediation selective attention sound theories tool

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Human communication and other listening behaviors often take place in acoustically complex, or noisy environments like schools, restaurants, and workplaces. Much of daily life requires us to select behaviorally- relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppress irrelevant dimensions, so that the information conveyed can be remembered and responded to appropriately. Unfortunately, this vital everyday ability is affected by many neurological conditions resulting in marked decreases in quality of life. Despite the importance of auditory selective attention, its cognitive and neural mechanisms are poorly understood. For example, although auditory selective attention is widely presumed to involve both a selective enhancement of behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions and suppression of dimensions outside this attentional focus, evidence for suppression is scant. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to arrive at a mechanistic understanding of auditory selective attention. The present project pursues the central hypothesis that human auditory selective attention is a result of processes related to both enhancement (of task-relevant sounds) and suppression (of task-irrelevant sounds). Preliminary studies establish a nonspeech experimental paradigm for engaging - and improving –auditory selective attention directed to specific frequency bands, and for non-invasively mapping it across auditory cortex using multimodal MRI. A parallel preliminary study establishes that attention training drives improvements in behavioral and electrophysiological measures of auditory selective attention. Aim 1 will determine the fine- grained `listening window' through which auditory selective attention prioritizes and selects behaviorally relevant auditory dimensions, and potentially suppresses irrelevant dimensions. These studies also will determine the extent to which tasks and expectations created from input regularities shape the listening window. Aim 2 will assess changes in the spectrotemporal shape of the auditory attentional filter as listeners learn to more efficiently deploy auditory selective attention to specific dimensions. Aim 3 will identify the neurobiological underpinnings of auditory selective attention and their changes across improvements in selective attention. In all, the proposed research will weave together classic psychophysical approaches, behavioral training as a means to introduce targeted demands on selective attention, and newly-developed human neuroimaging tools to examine human auditory selective attention along the primary axis of auditory representation – frequency. This will build a bridge from perceptuo-cognitive assays of human auditory selective attention to mechanistic electrophysiological and cellular/molecular studies thus far only undertaken with invasive nonhuman animal work, thereby compounding understanding and building a natural path toward future evidence-based approaches to the remediation of auditory attention impairments.

项目摘要/摘要人类交流和其他听力行为通常会引起声学上的复杂或嘈杂诸如学校，餐馆和工作场所等环境都需要我们进行行为相关的听觉维度，并有可能抑制不相关的维度，以便传达信息不幸的是，可以恢复并做出适当的回应。尽管听觉的重要性很重要，但许多神经系统的生活质量显着下降。有选择性的，其认知和神经机制是众所周知的。选择性授权被广泛介绍为既涉及在这种努力重点之外的维度和依据，spects的证据很少支撑研究的长期目标是达到注意。当前的项目追求中心假设与增强功能（与任务相关的声音）和抑制（任务交换声音）相关的过程。预序研究建立了一种非语言实验范式，用于引人入胜，并改善听觉选择性的定位针对特定的频带，并非侵入性地绘制在听觉皮层上使用多模式MRI。听觉选择性关注的行为和电生理测量。粒状的“听力窗口”通过哪些选择性注意力优先考虑并在行为上选择相关的听觉维度，并有可能抑制这些研究的尺寸。确定从输入规律性创建的任务和期望的程度塑造了听力窗口。 AIM 2将以听觉过滤器的频谱形状评估Changess听众也学会更有效地将听觉选择性授权部署到特定维度。听觉选择性关注的神经生物学基础及其在改善的变化选择性的授权。行为培训是一种针对选择性的目标，并新开发的一种手段人类神经影像学工具，以检查人类听觉的选择性关注沿听觉的主要轴代表频率。迄今为止，注意机械电生理学和细胞/分子/分子/分子研究仅使用侵入性的非人类动物工作，从而更加复杂并建立了一条自然的道路未来的基于证据的方法是对听觉观察的补救。