The Statistics of Infant First-Person Visual Experience

婴儿第一人称视觉体验统计

• 批准号: 10278079
• 负责人: LINDA B. SMITH
• 金额: $ 51.11万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-30 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10278079
• 关键词: Achievement; Age; Age-Months; Anisometropia; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavior Therapy; Birth; Cataract; Characteristics; Child Development; Cognition; Cognitive; Color; Development; Educational Curriculum; Esthesia; Eye; Eye Movements; Face; Frequencies; Gap Junctions; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Head; Head Movements; Health; Home; Hour; Human; Image; Infant; Infant Behavior; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Life; Link; Literature; Measures; Motion; Motor; Movement; Outcome; Pattern; Persons; Play; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Property; Ptosis; Public Health; Refractive Errors; Research; Retina; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schools; Semantics; Series; Strabismus; Structure; Testing; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; base; behavior change; behavior influence; developmental disease; early experience; experience; falls; gaze; infancy; interest; large datasets; motion sensor; novel; novel diagnostics; preference; statistics; vision development; visual information; visual learning; visual motor; visual tracking

Project Summary/Abstract: In the first year after birth, human sensitivity develops markedly to the fundamental features on which all higher- level vision depends: contrast, spatial scale, edge orientations, chromatic content. It is well known that this development is highly dependent on visual experience because disruptions in experience have significant and, in some cases, permanent consequences for vision from sensation to cognition. The field does not have, however, an empirical characterization of the low-level feature statistics of typical infant visual experience. This gap is critical because emerging studies of higher-level content indicate these statistical properties change with development and are dependent on the infant’s own changing internal visual biases and behaviors (eye movements, head movements, other body movements). These factors play a direct role in selecting and organizing the spatial structure of images projected to the eye. This project will collect and analyze the first- person visual experiences of 200 infants (50 each) at 2-3, 5-6, 8-9, and 11-12 months of age, plus a sample of 20 infants tested at all of those ages. The core hypothesis is that the statistics change systematically in a developmentally consistent sequence in the everyday lives of infants. The experiences are collected by infant head cameras worn for hours in the home and precision measures of eye and head movements in the laboratory. Analyses will quantify the spatial organization of fundamental low-level features in the collected images as a function of age, posture, activity, and specific contents. The project will also characterize the influence of refractive error and front-end visual immaturities on the images. The research will determine how infants’ behaviors influence the spatial organization of visual features in the input by analyzing the motion patterns in the at-home head-camera images and through direct measures of eye and head motion patterns in the laboratory. The research will provide the first characterization of the natural visual statistics of infant experience in the first year after birth and is expected to reveal specific developmental risk-points in those expected visual statistics.

项目摘要/摘要： 在出生后的第一年，人类的敏感性发展明显地提高了所有更高的基本特征 水平视觉取决于：对比度，空间尺度，边缘方向，色素含量。众所周知，这 开发高度依赖视觉体验，因为经验中的干扰具有重要意义，并且， 在某些情况下，从感觉到认知的视力产生了永久的后果。该领域没有 但是，典型婴儿视觉体验的低级特征统计数据的经验表征。这 差距至关重要，因为对高级含量的新兴研究表明这些统计特性随着 发展，并取决于婴儿自身不断变化的内部视觉偏见和行为（眼睛 运动，头部运动，其他身体运动）。这些因素在选择和 组织投影到眼睛的图像的空间结构。该项目将收集和分析第一项 2-3、5-6、8-9和11-12个月大的200个婴儿（每个50名）的人视觉体验，以及一个样本 在所有年龄段的所有年龄段都进行了20名婴儿。核心假设是统计数据在 在婴儿的日常生活中发育一致的序列。这些经历是由婴儿收集的 头部摄像头在家里崇拜数小时，并在实验室中的眼睛和头部移动的精确度量。 分析将量化收集图像中基本低级特征的空间组织作为一个 年龄，姿势，活动和特定内容的功能。该项目还将表征 图像上的折射误差和前端视觉不成熟。这项研究将决定婴儿的方式 行为通过分析运动模式来影响输入中视觉特征的空间组织 在家中摄像机图像以及通过实验室中的眼睛和头部运动模式的直接测量。 这项研究将在第一次提供婴儿体验的自然视觉统计学的第一个表征 出生后一年，预计将在那些预期的视觉统计数据中揭示特定的发展风险点。