Measuring Active Vision in Toddlers and Young Children

测量幼儿和幼儿的主动视力

• 批准号: 7176500
• 负责人: LINDA B. SMITH
• 金额: $ 21.1万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-02-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7176500
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Age-Months; Behavior; Caregivers; Child; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Computer software; Data; Development; Development, Other; Devices; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Environment; Eye; Freedom; Funding Mechanisms; Goals; Hand; Head; Human; Human Development; Image; Individual; Infant; Intelligence; Intervention; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Learning; Linguistics; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Mothers; Motor; Movement; Numbers; Perception; Persons; Play; Positioning Attribute; Procedures; Process; Range; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Robot; Role; Scanning; Sensory; Shoulder; Social Development; Structure; System; Techniques; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Toddler; Toy; Video Recording; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual attention; Walking; active vision; experience; gaze; insight; motor control; programs; remediation; research study; sensor; skills; social; visual information; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding the regularities in the learning environment, how they differ among individuals, and how individuals through their own behaviors create those differences are essential to understanding typical and atypical courses of development, to developing remediation and intervention procedures. The proposed research develops a new method to study the dynamic visual environment of infants and toddlers, from the first-person view. Progress has been limited by several technical problems including: (1) recording devices that will be tolerated by young children and (2) the number of independent degrees of freedom in eye, head, and body movements. We believe we can solve these technical problems. The research has three specific aims within the goal of studying active vision in children 10 to 36 months of age: (1) to develop a system through which one can measure the dynamic first-person visual field (via a small camera on the head of the child), the direction of eye gaze in that field (via additional cameras and software that track eye position), and also head, hand and body movements (via position sensors placed on the head, shoulders and hands); (2) to determine the spatial and temporal resolution of the head-camera image relative to the child's perceptual field; (3) to demonstrate the utility and functionality of the system in two different task contexts - mother-infant toy play at a table and free play with ambulatory movements. This new method promises fundamental new insights about the learning environment and the development of dynamic visual processes in the context of a 3-dimensional physical and social world, the context in which children build social, language and cognitive skills. The proposed new method has significant biomedical relevance for the early detection of attentional disorders, for studying their cascading consequences in social, cognitive and linguistic development, and for developing new therapies and interventions that generalize to the complex natural environment

描述（由申请人提供）：了解学习环境的规律性、个体之间的差异以及个体如何通过自己的行为创造这些差异对于理解典型和非典型的发展过程、制定补救和干预程序至关重要。该研究开发了一种从第一人称视角研究婴幼儿动态视觉环境的新方法。进展受到几个技术问题的限制，包括：（1）幼儿能够忍受的记录设备以及（2）眼睛、头部和身体运动的独立自由度的数量。我们相信我们能够解决这些技术问题。该研究的目标是研究 10 至 36 个月大的儿童的主动视力，该研究有三个具体目标：(1) 开发一种系统，通过该系统可以测量动态第一人称视野（通过孩子头上的小型摄像头）儿童）、该视野中眼睛注视的方向（通过附加摄像头和跟踪眼睛位置的软件），以及头部、手部和身体运动（通过放置在头部、肩膀和手上的位置传感器）； (2) 确定头部摄像头图像相对于儿童感知场的空间和时间分辨率； (3) 展示系统在两种不同任务环境中的实用性和功能性——母婴在桌子上玩玩具和自由走动游戏。这种新方法有望对 3 维物理和社会世界（儿童在其中培养社交、语言和认知技能的背景）中的学习环境和动态视觉过程的发展提供基本的新见解。所提出的新方法对于注意力障碍的早期检测、研究其在社会、认知和语言发展中的级联后果以及开发适用于复杂自然环境的新疗法和干预措施具有重要的生物医学相关性