Evolutionary Genetics of Animal Development

动物发育的进化遗传学

基本信息

批准号：
10206749
负责人：
Matthew Rockman
金额：
$ 37.39万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-04-01 至 2026-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10206749
关键词：
Address Animal Genetics Animal Model Animals Automobile Driving Biological Models Biology Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis elegans Characteristics Detection Development Developmental Gene Developmental Process Dissection Embryo Embryonic Development Evolution Exhibits Experimental Models Gene Expression Generations Genes Genetic Genetic Epistasis Genome Goals Heritability Individual Life Maintenance Measurement Molecular Mothers Nematoda Partner in relationship Pattern Phenotype Play Population Population Genetics Property Quantitative Genetics Regulation Research Resolution Resources Role Self-Fertilizations Shapes System Testing Variant Work developmental genetics egg experience experimental study genetic analysis genetic architecture genetic pedigree genetic variant offspring pleiotropism prevent trait transmission process zygote

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Genes play two different roles in biology, giving shape to phenotypes through developmental processes within individuals, and transmitting traits across generations through Mendelian inheritance. Evolutionary developmental geneticists work at the intersection of these roles, asking how the mechanisms that operate within individuals influence the origin, maintenance, and fate of phenotypic variation in populations. Pleiotropy, dominance, epistasis, polygeny, and linkage are some of the phenomena that unite developmental and population genetics. One further class of phenomenon – early embryonic development – also bridges this divide, involving molecular and cellular contributions from the embryo's own zygotic genome but also from the substance of the egg, a product of its mother's genome. This dual regulation by two genomes creates distinctive transmission genetics properties for early development, properties that alter predictions about patterns of variation and divergence. To better understand how maternal and zygotic genetic effects and their interactions shape variation and evolution of development, this project sets as its goal the characterization of genetic architectures of embryogenesis in multiple experimental model systems, each with unique complementary features. One line of research focuses on Caenorhabditis nematodes, a longstanding experimental model for developmental genetics. Building on the lab's extensive resources for quantitative genetic analysis in these animals, the project will use controlled experimental crosses to reveal genetic variants that act either in the mother's genome or in that of her offspring to influence developmental gene expression. The project will use two experimental panels of C. elegans, one that maximizes detection power and one that maximizes mapping resolution. To address questions about the role of mating system in maternal-zygotic coevolution, the project will also use an experimental panel of C. becei, a closely related species that exhibits obligate outcrossing in contrast to the self-fertilization that characterizes C. elegans. A second line of research focuses on variation in embryonic development an annelid model system, Streblospio benedicti. This species is unique in exhibiting both direct and indirect development as heritable variation, with the alternative modes representing adaptive strategies to different environmental conditions. This system provides a directional selection counterpart to the stabilizing selection that Caenorhabditis embryogenesis experiences. Measurements of embryonic gene expression in a large S. benedicti pedigree will facilitate genetic dissection of both maternal and zygotic contributions to development and tests of the role of maternal-zygotic genetic interactions in driving or preventing adaptive evolution.

项目概要基因在生物学中发挥两种不同的作用，通过发育过程形成表型进化论发育遗传学家在这些角色的交叉点上工作，询问运作机制如何个体内部影响群体表型变异的起源、维持和命运。多效性、显性、上位性、多基因性和连锁是将发育结合起来的一些现象另一类现象——早期胚胎发育——也弥补了这一点。分裂，涉及来自胚胎自身合子基因组的分子和细胞贡献，也涉及来自胚胎自身合子基因组的分子和细胞贡献卵子的物质是其母亲基因组的产物，这两个基因组的双重调节创造了这一点。早期发育的独特传递遗传学特性，改变预测的特性变异和分歧的模式。为了更好地了解母体和合子遗传效应及其相互作用如何塑造变异和发展的演变，该项目将遗传结构的表征作为其目标多个实验模型系统中的胚胎发生，每个系统都具有独特的互补特征。其中一项研究重点是线虫，这是一种长期存在的实验模型建立在实验室丰富的定量遗传分析资源的基础上。动物，该项目将使用受控实验杂交来揭示在该项目将利用母亲或其后代的基因组来影响发育基因表达。两个线虫实验组，一个最大化检测能力，另一个最大化映射为了解决有关交配系统在母体-合子共同进化中的作用的问题，该项目还将使用 C. becei 的实验组，这是一种密切相关的物种，在与秀丽隐杆线虫的自体受精形成鲜明对比。第二个研究重点是环节动物模型系统 Streblospio 胚胎发育的变异该物种的独特之处在于表现出直接和间接发展作为遗传变异，代表该系统针对不同环境条件的自适应策略的替代模式。提供了与秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎发生稳定选择相对应的定向选择大型本尼迪克氏酵母谱系中胚胎基因表达的测量将有助于遗传。剖析母体和合子对发育的贡献并测试母体-合子的作用驱动或阻止适应性进化的遗传相互作用。