Evolutionary Genetics of Animal Development

动物发育的进化遗传学

• 批准号: 10371140
• 负责人: Matthew Rockman
• 金额: $ 37.02万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10371140
• 关键词: Address; Animal Genetics; Animal Model; Animals; Automobile Driving; Biological Models; Biology; Caenorhabditis; Caenorhabditis elegans; Characteristics; Detection; Development; Developmental Gene; Developmental Process; Dissection; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Evolution; Exhibits; Experimental Models; Gene Expression; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Epistasis; Genome; Goals; Heritability; Individual; Life; Maintenance; Measurement; Molecular; Mothers; Nematoda; Partner in relationship; Pattern; Phenotype; Play; Population; Population Genetics; Property; Quantitative Genetics; Regulation; Research; Resolution; Resources; Role; Self-Fertilizations; Shapes; System; Testing; Variant; Work; developmental genetics; egg; experience; experimental study; genetic analysis; genetic architecture; genetic pedigree; genetic variant; offspring; pleiotropism; prevent; trait; transmission process; zygote

PROJECT SUMMARY Genes play two different roles in biology, giving shape to phenotypes through developmental processes within individuals, and transmitting traits across generations through Mendelian inheritance. Evolutionary developmental geneticists work at the intersection of these roles, asking how the mechanisms that operate within individuals influence the origin, maintenance, and fate of phenotypic variation in populations. Pleiotropy, dominance, epistasis, polygeny, and linkage are some of the phenomena that unite developmental and population genetics. One further class of phenomenon – early embryonic development – also bridges this divide, involving molecular and cellular contributions from the embryo's own zygotic genome but also from the substance of the egg, a product of its mother's genome. This dual regulation by two genomes creates distinctive transmission genetics properties for early development, properties that alter predictions about patterns of variation and divergence. To better understand how maternal and zygotic genetic effects and their interactions shape variation and evolution of development, this project sets as its goal the characterization of genetic architectures of embryogenesis in multiple experimental model systems, each with unique complementary features. One line of research focuses on Caenorhabditis nematodes, a longstanding experimental model for developmental genetics. Building on the lab's extensive resources for quantitative genetic analysis in these animals, the project will use controlled experimental crosses to reveal genetic variants that act either in the mother's genome or in that of her offspring to influence developmental gene expression. The project will use two experimental panels of C. elegans, one that maximizes detection power and one that maximizes mapping resolution. To address questions about the role of mating system in maternal-zygotic coevolution, the project will also use an experimental panel of C. becei, a closely related species that exhibits obligate outcrossing in contrast to the self-fertilization that characterizes C. elegans. A second line of research focuses on variation in embryonic development an annelid model system, Streblospio benedicti. This species is unique in exhibiting both direct and indirect development as heritable variation, with the alternative modes representing adaptive strategies to different environmental conditions. This system provides a directional selection counterpart to the stabilizing selection that Caenorhabditis embryogenesis experiences. Measurements of embryonic gene expression in a large S. benedicti pedigree will facilitate genetic dissection of both maternal and zygotic contributions to development and tests of the role of maternal-zygotic genetic interactions in driving or preventing adaptive evolution.

项目摘要 基因在生物学中扮演两个不同的角色，通过发育过程为表型赋予形状 在个人内部，并通过孟德尔的继承来传播世代相传的特征。进化 发展的遗传学家在这些角色的交集中工作，询问如何运作的机制 在个人内部影响人群表型变异的起源，维持和命运。 多效性，优势，上毒，多根和连锁是团结发展的现象 和人口遗传学。另外一类现象 - 早期胚胎发展 - 也桥接这一点 分裂，涉及胚胎自身的二合基因组的分子和细胞贡献，但也来自 鸡蛋的实质，是其母亲基因组的产物。这两个基因组的双重调节会产生 早期开发的独特传播遗传学特性，改变了关于预测的特性 变异和差异的模式。 为了更好地了解母体和二元遗传效应及其相互作用如何影响变异和 发展的演变，该项目将其目标定为遗传体系结构的目标 多个实验模型系统中的胚胎发生，每个系统具有独特的完整特征。 一项研究重点是caenorhabditis nematodes，这是一个长期以来的实验模型 发展遗传学。基于实验室的广泛资源来定量遗传分析 动物，该项目将使用受控的实验杂交来揭示作用在 母亲的基因组或后代的基因组影响发育基因的表达。该项目将使用 秀丽隐杆线虫的两个实验面板，一种可最大化检测能力，一个可最大化映射 解决。为了解决有关交配系统在孕产妇 - 杂种共同进化中的作用的问题，该项目 还将使用C. becei的实验面板，这是一种与密切相关的物种 与角色秀丽隐杆线虫的自我剥夺形成鲜明对比。 第二条研究重点是胚胎开发的变化Annelid模型系统，Streblospio 本笃会。该物种在表现出直接发展和间接发展作为可遗传的变异方面是独一无二的 代表不同环境条件的自适应策略的替代模式。这个系统 提供了定向的选择，与稳定选择相对应，即胚胎炎 经验。大链球菌中胚胎基因表达的测量将有助于遗传 孕产妇和合子对产妇 - 杂种作用的发育和测试的解剖学贡献 驱动或预防适应性进化时的遗传相互作用。