Fertility and mortality regime in the north-eastern Japanese population: 2Oth-early 20th century

日本东北部人口的生育率和死亡率状况：20世纪20年代至20世纪初

基本信息

批准号：
12610213
负责人：
TAKAGI Masao
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

[1] This research project has aimed at two subjects which must be able to enhance its traditional and standard level of the Japanese historical demography. Firstly, we have attempted to use not only population resister but also all kinds of source materials that have important relationship between population listings and all other materials, for examples pregnancy register, death records, landholding registers, and so on Secondly, with relation to research field and to collection of original source materials, we have focused on north-eastern region of the Japanese island where is rich in original source materials. We have gotten as much materials as possible, which ought to merit our project.[2] This project, on the other hand, has gotten four year's research fund as the continued research project from the grant-in-aid for science research, we have expanded its research concept, members and research strategy. This does really means that the "abstracts" has touched only a few aspects of fertility and mortality regime of population who had existed for a hundred years.[3] Japan's mortality crisis in the era of pre-modern and early-modern stage gave serious damage on lay population who lived under the volatile economic circumstances. Especially three notorious famines, Horeki(1756), Tenmei(1784), and Tempo famine(1837), were well known disaster that left scars on the population size of the north-eastern Japanese area. Impacts of three famines, however, have not necessarily been estimated on the basis of statistical method but on qualitative documents written by literate persons who lived the same age. Conclusions are as follows: The first famine resulted in only 3% loss of total population. The second and third one marked respectively, however, 14 and 22% loss compared with each previous year, when no signs of disaster had obviously been observed by residents.

[1] 该研究项目针对两个课题，必须能够提高日本历史人口学的传统和标准水平。首先，我们不仅尝试使用人口抵抗者，还尝试使用与人口列表和所有其他材料有重要关系的各种来源材料，例如怀孕登记、死亡记录、土地所有权登记等。其次，与研究有关在原始资料的采集方面，我们重点关注原始资料丰富的日本岛东北部地区。我们已经获得了尽可能多的材料，这应该值得我们的项目。[2]而本项目则作为科研补助金的延续研究项目获得了四年的研究经费，扩大了研究理念、成员和研究策略。这确实意味着“摘要”只触及了存在一百年的人口生育率和死亡率制度的几个方面。 [3]日本前现代和近现代阶段的死亡危机给生活在动荡的经济环境下的普通民众造成了严重损害。尤其是堀历（1756年）、天命（1784年）和天保饥荒（1837年）这三场臭名昭著的饥荒，是众所周知的灾难，给日本东北地区的人口规模留下了伤痕。然而，三场饥荒的影响不一定是根据统计方法来估计的，而是根据同龄识字者撰写的定性文件来估计的。结论如下：第一次饥荒仅导致总人口减少3%。然而，第二次和第三次的损失分别比前一年减少了14%和22%，当时居民还没有明显观察到灾难的迹象。