Studies on Behavior and Reduction of Unregulated Air Pollutant : Nitroarenes

不受管制的空气污染物：硝基芳烃的行为和减少研究

基本信息

批准号：
08672472
负责人：
HAYAKAWA Kazuichi
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

(1) We introduced another separation column (ODS), a zinc reducer column and a switching valve into the nitroarene analyzer, a HPLC equipped with a chemiluminescence detector, to determine trace levels of nitroarenes.(2) Benzene-ethanol extracts from diesel exhaust particulates were separated into 5 fractions on a silica-gel column with mixtures of n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The strong direct-acting mutagenicities were observed in the dichloromethane-methanol and methanol fractions in the Ames test using the S.typhimurium YG1024 strain and nitroarenes were mainly in the former fraction of the two. The mutagenic contribution of nitroarenes were 1/3 of the all fractions. The large contribution of nitroarenes to the mutagenicity of urban air suggests that the monitoring of nitroarenes is very important for assessing the risk of air pollutants.(3) Concentrations of 1,3-, 1,6- and 1,8-dinitropyrenes (DNPs) and 1-nitropyrene (NP) in urban air were in the following decreasing order, Sapporo>Tokyo>Kanazawa. However, the concentrations in downtown areas of the three cities were at similar levels. The relative concentration of DNPs to that of 1-NP was the highest in Sapporo. As a reason, the large ration of diesel-engine vehicles was considered. Their concentrations showed diurnal and seasonal variations.(4) The relative concentrations of DNPs and 1-NP to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were lower in the suburban areas than in the downtown areas, suggesting that DNPs and 1-NP degradated in the presence of sun light during the transportation. On the other hand, the fact that both 2-nitrofluoranthene (NF) and 2-NP were not detected in diesel exhaust particulates but detected in airborne particulates suggested that these two compounds were formed in air.

(1) 我们在硝基芳烃分析仪（配有化学发光检测器的 HPLC）中引入了另一个分离柱 (ODS)、锌还原剂柱和切换阀，以测定痕量硝基芳烃。(2) 柴油机尾气中的苯乙醇提取物在硅胶柱上用正己烷、二氯甲烷和甲醇的混合物将颗粒分离成5个级分。在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌YG1024菌株的Ames试验中，二氯甲烷-甲醇和甲醇馏分具有强烈的直接致突变性，硝基芳烃主要存在于前者的馏分中。硝基芳烃的诱变贡献占所有组分的 1/3。硝基芳烃对城市空气致突变性的巨大贡献表明，硝基芳烃的监测对于评估空气污染物的风险非常重要。（3）1,3-、1,6-和1,8-二硝基芘（DNPs）浓度）和1-硝基芘（NP）在城市空气中的含量由高到低的顺序为札幌>东京>金泽。然而，三个城市的市中心区域的集中程度相似。 DNPs相对1-NP的相对浓度在札幌市最高。原因是柴油发动机车辆的配给量大。 (4)DNPs和1-NP与多环芳烃的相对浓度在郊区低于市中心，表明DNPs和1-NP在阳光照射下发生降解。在运输过程中。另一方面，2-硝基荧蒽 (NF) 和 2-NP 在柴油废气颗粒物中均未检测到，但在空气颗粒物中检测到，这一事实表明这两种化合物是在空气中形成的。