Molecular cytogenetic studies on the evolution of genome structure in reptiles and birds.

爬行动物和鸟类基因组结构进化的分子细胞遗传学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
15370001
负责人：
MATSUDA Yoichi
金额：
$ 9.6万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15370001/
关键词：
chicken turtle snake crocodile FISH chromosome map conserved linkage homology sex chromosome 鳥類爬虫類 ESTクローン FISH 比較染色体地図系統進化

项目摘要

To clarify the process of karyotypic evolution and the origins of sex chromosomes and microchromosomes in birds and reptiles, we constructed chromosome maps of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Japanese four-striped rat snake and Siam crocodile with 79, 105 and 85 functional genes, respectively. The comparative mapping between chicken and three reptile species suggests the followings : 1) the karyotypes of the common ancestor of the Archsauromorh were shared between birds and turtles, 2) chromosome rearrangements by centromeric fusion occurred at a level of whole genome in the lineage of crocodiles after centric fission of chromosomes 1 and 2 of the common ancestor, 3) the intermediate karyotypes between the common ancestor and the crocodiles might have been conserved in the lineage of caimans, and 4) in the Lepidosauria high frequencies of chromosome rearrangements occurred independently from the Archosauromorph.We cloned reptile homologues of six chicken Z-linked genes, ACO1, ATP5A1, CHD1, DMRT1, GHR and RPS6, from the turtle and the snake with ZZ/ZW-type sex chromosomes and the crocodile with undifferentiated sex chromosomes, and mapped them to the chromosomes of the three species. All the genes were localized to the long arm of the turtle chromosome 6, the short arm of the snake chromosome 2 and the short arm of the crocodile chromosome 3. These results indicate that the genetic linkage on chicken Z chromosome has been highly conserved in reptiles, and that the causative genes of sex determination may be different between birds and reptiles.

为了阐明核型进化的过程以及鸟类和爬行动物中的性染色体和微染色体的起源，我们分别用79、105和85功能基因构建了中国软壳，日本四条带的大鼠蛇和Siam鳄鱼的染色体图。鸡与三种爬行动物之间的比较映射表明：1）鸟类和乌龟之间共享的弓箭菌共同祖先的核型，2）共聚体融合的染色体在整个基因组中出现在整个基因组中的crocodies cromosos cromososs cromosos sectors cromosos sectors compromosos sectore cromosos sectors commosos sectors compromos secest intermos 1和2和2和2和2共同祖先和鳄鱼之间可能是在凯里曼人的谱系中保守的，4）在鳞肠里的高频中，染色体重排的高频是独立于ArchoSaulomorph的。我们克隆了六个鸡z-linked Genes，aco1，aco1，artp5a和turp5a，chd1，chd1，ghd1，ghd1，dhrrt and ghdrt and ghrtrt and，用ZZ/ZW型性别染色体和带有未分化的性染色体的鳄鱼蛇，并将其映射到这三种物种的染色体上。所有基因均位于乌龟染色体6的长臂，蛇染色体2的短臂和鳄鱼染色体3的短臂。这些结果表明，鸡z染色体上的遗传联系在杂种中得到了高度保守，并且性别确定的原因是鸟类和鸟类之间的原因可能是不同的。