Comparative History of Early Nuclear Projects in Japan, Germany, and Russia

日本、德国和俄罗斯早期核项目的比较历史

基本信息

批准号：
15300291
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Masakatsu
金额：
$ 4.35万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15300291/
关键词：
nuclear power development nuclear weapons development Japan, Germany, and the Soviet Union the Second World War the Cold War social responsibility of scientists 日本、ドイツ、ソ連

项目摘要

The aim of this research program is to study the history of early nuclear projects in Japan, Germany, and Russia in the 1940s with a common standpoint and methodology from the view of science and technology. In August, 2003, on the occasion of the first workshop in Tokyo eleven questions for comparison were suggested by Mark Walker of Union College in the US. (See the preface of the first reference below.) Some results of this program were published in a special issue of Historia Scientiarum in 2005.New findings and achievements of this program are as follows:(1) It was known that the Physics Committee of the former Japanese Navy's Technical Research Institute discussed the feasibility of nuclear weapons with Yoshio Nishina in the chair, and broke up after several meetings with a negative conclusion. We found the minutes of the Navy's Council of Science and Technology that suggested Hantaro Nagaoka's strong objection influenced committee's negative conclusion.(2) Rainer Karlsch's Hitlers Bombe was published in Germany in March, 2005. He found new documents at Russian and German archives, and showed for the first time that Germans did the critical experiments of nuclear fission weapons in March, 1945. After the publication of a joint paper by Karlsch and Walker, Japanese colleagues started their discussion of the matter, but came to the conclusion that Karlsch's argument that Germans used a fusion mechanism needs careful examinations.(3) Vladimir Vizgin suggested Nuclear Cult and Nuclear Community as key words of Russian nuclear history as well as his former key word Nuclear Shield.(4) These three counties in the wartime are often seen as "totalitarian systems" but it was suggested that especially in the case of science history the history of each country should be considered form the viewpoint not only of discontinuity but also of continuity.

该研究项目的目的是从科学技术的角度，以共同的立场和方法论来研究20世纪40年代日本、德国和俄罗斯早期核项目的历史。 2003年8月，在东京举行的第一届研讨会上，美国联合学院的马克·沃克提出了11个比较问题。（见下文第一篇参考文献的序言。）本课题的部分成果发表在2005年《Historia Scientiarum》特刊上。本课题的新发现和成果如下：（1）据了解，该课题的物理委员会原日本海军技术研究所以仁科良雄主持讨论核武器可行性，数次会议后均以否定结论破裂。我们找到了海军科学技术委员会的会议记录，其中表明长冈半太郎的强烈反对影响了委员会的否定结论。（2）雷纳·卡尔施的《希特勒炸弹》于2005年3月在德国出版。他在俄罗斯和德国档案馆中发现了新的文件，并且1945 年 3 月，德国人首次进行了核裂变武器的关键实验。卡尔什和沃克联合发表论文后，日本人同事们开始讨论此事，但得出的结论是，卡尔什关于德国人使用聚变机制的论点需要仔细审查。（3）弗拉基米尔·维兹金（Vladimir Vizgin）建议将“核崇拜”和“核共同体”作为俄罗斯核历史的关键词，也是他以前的关键词。（4）这三个国家在战时经常被视为“极权主义体系”，但有人建议，特别是在科学史的情况下，每个国家的历史不仅应该从不连续性的角度来考虑，而且应该从不连续性的角度来考虑。的连续性。