Postwar Nuclear Policy between Japan and the United States

战后日美核政策

• 批准号: 12680002
• 负责人: YAMAZAKI Masakatsu
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Tokyou Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12680002/
• 关键词: nuclear tests; Bikini incident; Cold War; Hidetoshi Shibata; the Yomiuri Shimbun; 日米関係; 原子力; 原子力政策; アメリカ合衆国; 日本

In March 1st 1954 a Japanese fishing vessel, Daigo Fukuryu Maru, suffered from radiation exposure from an American nuclear test in Bikini in the South Pacific. After this incident there appeared both in the US and in Japan a nuclear policy debatSe that the nuclear energy for peaceful purpose in general, and nuclear reactors in particular should be introduced into Japan in order to counter the communitsts' propaganda against American nuclear tests and anti-American movements in Japan. The Operation Coordinate Board of the US National Security Council adopted that policy very soon after the Bikini Incident, and started planning a wide range of strategic programs for Japan. Hidetoshi Shibata, then an executive of the Nippon Television Network Corporation, started his press campaign in January 1955 in the Yomiuri Shimbun with Matsutaro Shoriki, the owner of the Yomiuri Shimbun and later the first president of the Japanese Atomic Energy Commision, for promoting nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Shibata and Shoriki apparently were working together to fight against anti-nuke movements and anti-American activities in Japan. They invited in May John J. Hopkins, President of General Dynamics Corporation, Nobel laureate Ernest Lawrence from the University of California at Berkley, and Lawrence Haftad, director of the division of reactor development of the American Atomic Energy Commision. Their talks in Tokyo were reported to have impressed many Japanese. This paper shows that Yomiuri Shimbun group's activities were in fact supported by the US government, and were done within the framework of the US foreign policy.

1954年3月1日，一艘日本渔船Daigo Fukuryu Maru遭受了南太平洋比基尼的美国核试验的辐射暴露。这一事件发生后，在美国和日本都出现了核政策辩论，总体上应将出于和平目的的核能，特别是核反应堆被引入日本，以反对对美国核试验和日本反美运动的宣传。比基尼事件发生后不久，美国国家安全委员会的行动坐标委员会通过了该政策，并开始计划为日本进行广泛的战略计划。当时的Nippon Television Network Corporation的高管Hidetoshi Shibata于1955年1月在Yomiuri Shimbun的新闻社活动中与Matsutaro Shoriki一起在Yomiuri Shimbun的所有者Matsutaro Shoriki开始，后来又是日本原子能委员会的第一任总统，以促进和平核能。 Shibata和Shoriki显然正在共同努力，以应对日本的反核武器运动和反美活动。他们邀请了普通动力公司总裁约翰·J·霍普金斯（John J. Hopkins），加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的诺贝尔奖获得者欧内斯特·劳伦斯（Nobel Laureate Ernest Lawrence）和美国原子能能源委员会反应堆开发部局长劳伦斯·哈夫塔德（Lawrence Haftad）。据报道，他们在东京的演讲给许多日本人留下了深刻的印象。本文表明，Yomiuri Shimbun集团的活动实际上得到了美国政府的支持，并在美国外交政策的框架内完成。