Indigenous Peoples in Democratic Political Processes

民主政治进程中的土著人民

基本信息

批准号：
14520018
负责人：
TSUNEMOTO Teruki
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14520018/
关键词：
Indigenous People Hawaii Ainu Indian Equal Protection Constitutional Law 民主主義アイヌ民族

项目摘要

As a result of a survey, the followings were clarified. Firstly, the U.S.Supreme Court's 2000 Rice v.Cayetano decision should be seen as clarifying recent trend of reducing the separate identity of Indian law. Secondly, if the logic in the Rice case is followed, it is likely that all special treatment of the native Hawaiians will be found to violate the Fedeial Constitution. On the other hand, partly in an attempt to counter the decision, native Hawaiians themselves have since the decision intensified their lobbying of the Congress, demanding that they be given the status of a Nation with semi-sovereign powers equal to Indian tribes. They have at the same time, as part of preparation by native Hawaiians themselves for such potential recognition, begun a registiation movement to encourage the enrollment of indigenous Hawaiians as members of a potential Hawaiian Nation.When the Ainu are compared with Hawaiians, both groups share the common problem that any special measuies on their behalf may be found to violate the principle of equality, because they have not been recognized by the central government as having any special legal status. On the other hand however, it must be said that there is a disparity in the visibility of these two groups. It must also be said that there is a diffeience in the responses of the two movements to this issue, with native Hawaiians' clearly asserting the rights and interests they seek, and taking pro-active measures in order to realize these rights. Above all, worthy of particular note is the fact that native Hawaiians are making every effort to become involved in the less than simple process of their own organization, by working together towards a solution to the problems they face, maintaining a close relationship with the State government.

根据调查结果，澄清了以下内容。首先，美国最高法院2000年赖斯诉卡耶塔诺案的判决应被视为澄清了最近减少印度法律独立性的趋势。其次，如果按照赖斯案的逻辑，所有对夏威夷原住民的特殊待遇很可能会被认定违反联邦宪法。另一方面，部分是为了对抗这一决定，自该决定以来，夏威夷原住民本身就加大了对国会的游说力度，要求给予他们与印第安部落平等的半主权国家地位。与此同时，作为夏威夷原住民自己为这种潜在认可做准备的一部分，他们开始了一场登记运动，以鼓励夏威夷原住民登记为潜在的夏威夷民族的成员。当阿伊努人与夏威夷人进行比较时，两个群体都有共同点一个常见的问题是，任何代表他们的特殊措施都可能被认为违反平等原则，因为他们没有得到中央政府的任何特殊法律地位的承认。但另一方面，必须指出的是，这两个群体的知名度存在差异。还必须指出的是，两个运动对此问题的反应存在差异，夏威夷原住民明确主张了他们所寻求的权益，并采取了积极的措施来实现这些权利。最重要的是，值得注意的是，夏威夷原住民正在尽一切努力参与他们自己组织的不那么简单的过程，共同努力解决他们面临的问题，与国家保持密切的关系政府。