Adaptation and genetic differentiation in common wheat revealed by the analysis of SCAR markers

SCAR标记分析揭示普通小麦的适应和遗传分化

基本信息

批准号：
08660008
负责人：
KATO Kenji
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08660008/
关键词：
wheat adaptation phylogenetic differentiation ABA responsive gene PCR-RFLP RAPD SCAR marker 分子マーカー RAPD多型

项目摘要

In east Asia, spring wheat is mainly cultivated under dry condition in north/west China, while winter wheat adapted to wet condition is predominant in south/east China. Therefore, they should exhibit different adaptability to abiotic stresses such as low temperature and drought.In the present study, RAPD polymorphism as adaptatively neutral marker and PCR-RFLP polymorphism for ABA responsive genes (Em and EmH2A) were analyzed, to understand the genetic and ecological differentiation in east Asian wheat.Genetic differentiation between north/west China and south/east China was clearly indicated by RAPD analysis for 56 wheat landraces of China, Korea and Japan. Clear differentiation was observed specially among spring type wheat. PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis for Em gene revealed the existance of four site changes in 5' untranslated region, and wheat landraces were classified into three types (A, B and C types). A single site change (+, -) was also detected in 3' untranslated region of EmH2A gene. Geographical variation of these PCR-RFLP showed clear difference again among spring type wheat, type B of Em and "+" type of EmH2A being frequent in eastern areas. The frequency of three types of Em was different between cultivar clusters classified by RAPD polymorphism. Specially in spring type wheat, type B of Em was only seen in three clusters (I, III and IV). In type B, ABA response of Em gene could be changed, since base substitution was frequently found in ABA responsive element. It was indicated from these results that type B of Em was selected for the adaptation to autumn sowing and/or wet condition in south/east China, being resulted in the establishment of a unique cultivar group which was genetically differentiated from those of north/west China.

在东亚，春小麦主要在中国北部和西部地区在干旱条件下种植，而冬小麦在中国南部和东部地区主要适应湿润条件。因此，它们对低温和干旱等非生物胁迫应表现出不同的适应性。本研究对ABA响应基因（Em和EmH2A）的RAPD多态性作为适应性中性标记和PCR-RFLP多态性进行了分析，以了解ABA响应基因（Em和EmH2A）的遗传和适应性。东亚小麦的生态分化。对中国、韩国和日本的56个小麦地方品种进行RAPD分析，清楚地表明了中国西北和东南地区的遗传分化。特别是在春型小麦中观察到明显的分化。 Em基因的PCR-RFLP和序列分析显示5'非翻译区存在4个位点变化，将小麦地方品种分为3个类型（A型、B型和C型）。在 EmH2A 基因的 3' 非翻译区也检测到单位点变化（+、-）。这些PCR-RFLP的地理变异在春型小麦、Em B型和EmH2A“+”型之间再次表现出明显的差异，这些差异在东部地区很常见。 RAPD多态性分类品种簇中三种类型Em的频率存在差异。特别是在春型小麦中，B 型 Em 仅出现在三个簇（I、III 和 IV）中。在B型中，Em基因的ABA反应可能发生改变，因为在ABA反应元件中经常发现碱基取代。这些结果表明，B型Em是为了适应中国东南部秋播和/或湿润条件而选择的，从而建立了一个与西北地区有遗传差异的独特品种群。中国。