Production, Environment, and Society Chingleput, India : Long-term fluctuations from the 18th to 20th century

生产、环境和社会印度钦格普特：18 世纪至 20 世纪的长期波动

基本信息

批准号：
06301071
负责人：
YANAGISAWA Haruka
金额：
$ 2.5万
依托单位：
Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The project has aimed at clarifying historical changes in South India with special reference to a district called Chingleput, Tamil Nadu State, India. The research has revealed many findings, among which the following may be important.1. The period from thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries withessed an important change in the local society. Though the term nattars or nattavars, meaning the people of nadu, appears in Tamil inscriptions through out the period, their importance as the local corporate bodies seems to have been lost in most parts of Tamilnadu after the sixteenth century.2. The mirasi system, which had functioned as the core system in reproducing the local society, was deformed in the centuries before 1800 by the newly emerging village leaders.3. The Tamilnadu economy witnessed the growth of rural industries in the period between the two world wars. The development was partly underpinned by changes in consumption pattern among the lower classes of people.4. While the god Aiyanar, which is found to be worshiped in Tamilnadu, shares certain features in common with Karuppu and other male deities, in several important respects he exhibits major differences from these gods. He is endowed with qualities fundamentally different from Siva, Visnu and other major bhakti gods in orthodox Hindu religion. This ambiguity of the god Aiyanar seems to be connected to the essentially marginal character of this deity, bestraddling the two separate value systems of Brahmans and non-Brahmans.

该项目旨在澄清印度南部的历史变化，特别提及一个名为Chingleput，印度泰米尔纳德邦的地区。该研究揭示了许多发现，其中以下可能很重要。1。从第十三世纪到十六世纪的时期，当地社会发生了重要变化。尽管纳塔尔人或纳塔瓦（Nattars）或纳塔瓦（Nattavars）一词，意思是纳杜（Nadu）的人民出现在泰米尔语铭文中，但它们作为当地公司团体的重要性似乎在16世纪之后的泰米尔纳德邦（Tamilnadu）大部分地区都丢失了。2。米拉西系统（Mirasi System）在繁殖当地社会的核心体系中，在1800年前的几个世纪中被新兴的村庄领导人变形。3。泰米尔纳德邦的经济在两次世界大战之间见证了农村工业的增长。在下层人群中，消费模式的变化部分为发展。4。虽然发现在泰米尔纳德邦被崇拜的神艾亚纳尔（Aiyanar）与卡鲁浦（Karuppu）和其他男性神灵（Karuppu）和其他男性共同具有某些共同的特征，但在几个重要方面，他与这些神有很大的差异。他具有与东正教印度教宗教中西瓦，维斯努和其他主要的巴克提神根本不同的品质。艾亚纳尔神的这种歧义似乎与这个神的本质上是边缘性的，最好地授予了婆罗门和非婆罗门的两个独立的价值体系。