The Formulation and Decision, Screening, and Terminationof the Purge Directives

清洗指令的制定、决定、筛选和终止

基本信息

批准号：
61520033
负责人：
MASUDA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
University of the Ryukyus
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61520033/
关键词：
MacArthur's GHQ The purge directives SCAPIN-550 & 548 The militalization and democratization of Japan Ultranationalists Dissolved the purgees The cold war 対日平和条約公職追放令(SCAPIN-550&548)の形成決定過程 GHQ民政局 SWNCC JCS 元GS公職課長ネーピア日本国際政治

项目摘要

This research aims to clarify the process of formulating, screening, and terminating the purge directives, SCAPIN-550 (Removal and Exclusion of Undesirable Personnel from Public Office) ans SCAPIN-548 (Abolition of Certain Political Parties, Associations, Societies and Other Organizations) which MacArthus's GHQ on January 4, 1946 ordered the Japanese government to execute. Despite the decisiveness of the purge in the demilitarization and democratization of Japan in the post-war period, this has hardly been studied in Japan or in the UNited States.There appeared three characteristics in the formulation-process: firstly, that SAPIN-550 was gradually recognized as being more important, especially for the coming election, than SCAPIN-548 although the former seemed to be subordinated to the latter in the beginning. Secondly, there appeared many differences between the purge in Germany and in Japan in the final stage, although the purge policy in Japan originally followed the German example. And finally,the original, severe policy towards ultranationalists was gradually moderated by internal politics in GHQ, as seen by the decreasing number of purgees and of organizations, except the range of military offecers.With the purge directives, which the Japanese were forced to execute after February, 1946, two hundred-thousand Japanese were eventually removed and excluded from public office until March, 1948. However, after the termination of the purge, the Japanese government gradually dissolved the purgees under the cold war and finally the peace treaty with Japan brought the purge to end in April, 1952.

这项研究旨在阐明制定，筛查和终止清除指令的过程，即Scapin-550（删除和排除不良人员从公职中移除和排除）ANS Scapin-548（废除某些政党，协会，社会，社会和其他组织） 1946年1月4日，麦克阿瑟（Macarthus）的GHQ命令日本政府执行。尽管在战后时期日本的非军事化和民主化中清除的果断性，但在日本或美国几乎没有研究过这一点。配方过程中似乎有三个特征：首先，Sapin-550是逐渐被认为比Scapin-548更重要，尤其是对于即将到来的选举而言，尽管前者在一开始似乎被服从于后者。其次，尽管日本的清除政策最初遵循德国的榜样，但在德国和日本的清洗之间似乎有许多差异。最后，除了吹扫和组织的数量减少外，GHQ内部政治的原始严格政策逐渐受到GHQ的内部政治的调节，除了军事范围的范围外，日本人被迫执行清除指令。在1946年2月之后，最终将200万日本人被撤职并被排除在公职办公室之前，直到1948年3月。但是，在清除终止后，日本政府逐渐解散了冷战下的清洗，并最终与日本达成了和平条约。清除了1952年4月结束。