Development of Agriculture and Rural Settlements in the Drought Prone Areas of West India

西印度干旱易发地区的农业和农村住区发展

• 批准号: 63043050
• 负责人: FUJIWARA Kenzo
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: Hiroshima University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63043050/
• 关键词: India; Rajasthan State; Drought Prone Area; Rural Development; Well Irrigation; Rain-fed Farming; Livestock Rearing; 土壌侵食

The geographical research project team have come to the following conclusion.1. All the first hand data and informations have been completely computerized so as to utilize as primary database system. This includes, statistical data concerning family composition, occupation. Land-holding and livestock rearing.2. Sandy red-yellowish soil, which has good physical condition, is distributed all around abhaneri village. If irrigation system is improved, agricultural productivity should be much increased. However, problem is lowering of groundwater level. This problem occurred just after the introducing of new pumping up irrigation system by electric motor or diesel engine. What is urgently needed is to figure out appropriate irrigation scheme and water resource management control system.3. Some upper class farmers lead in leveling up the agricultural productivities by well irrigation. However remaining marginal farmer, depends on rain-fed farming. Gujar, the emerging jati in agricultural productions, is improving their socio-economic status through the intensified land use by rearranging irrigation farm lands, together with mechanized farming system.4. Livestock rearing plays important role as a complementary sector for predominantly unstable rain-fed farming in this village. Milch cow has been recently increasing especially since 1970's. However, carrying capacity of these grazing pastures are extremely low. As small farmers are forced to collect wild grasses, some policy are urgently needed for securing ample grasses and prevention of soil erosion.5. Abhaneri village is considered to be Brahmin-dominated rural community. Many householders are working outside the village. They find their job in the local market town, 6Km away from the village. Some of them migrate to state capital Jaipur, and even to Delhi to secure additional incomes. Increasing number of lower caste villagers have tend to migrate outside the village.

地理研究项目组得出以下结论： 1．所有第一手数据和信息已完全计算机化，作为主要数据库系统使用。这包括有关家庭构成、职业的统计数据。土地占有和牲畜饲养2． Abhaneri村周围分布着沙质红黄土，物理条件良好。如果灌溉系统得到改善，农业生产力将会大大提高。然而，问题是地下水位下降。这个问题是在采用电动机或柴油机的新型抽水灌溉系统之后出现的。迫切需要找出合适的灌溉方案和水资源管理控制体系。 3．一些上层农民通过水井灌溉率先提高了农业生产力。然而，剩下的边缘农民依赖雨养农业。古贾尔是农业生产中的新兴贾蒂，通过重新安排灌溉农田和机械化耕作系统，集约化土地利用，正在改善其社会经济地位。4．畜牧业作为该村主要不稳定的雨养农业的补充部门发挥着重要作用。奶牛最近一直在增加，特别是自 20 世纪 70 年代以来。然而，这些牧场的承载能力极低。由于小农户被迫采集野草，迫切需要一些政策来保证充足的草料和防止水土流失。 5． Abhaneri 村被认为是婆罗门主导的农村社区。许多户主都在村外打工。他们在距离村庄6公里的当地集镇找到了工作。他们中的一些人迁移到州首府斋浦尔，甚至迁移到德里以获得额外收入。越来越多的低种姓村民倾向于移居村外。