Empirical Study of Encouraging the Women's Ability and Power in Work Organization : Focusing on the Analysis on Changing Process

激发女性工作组织能力与权力的实证研究——以变革过程为中心的分析

基本信息

批准号：
16510195
负责人：
KIMOTO Kimiko
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Hitotsubashi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study has investigated various factors which obstruct that women's abilities and possibilities are raised in the work organizations, and searched the clues which could change the gender structure of work organizations. Therefore, in the first place, the factors supporting historical change of the gender relations in work organizations are investigated. Secondly, fieldwork research is done for the purpose of grasp "the utilization of female workforce" in the manufacturing industry, department stores, and general merchandise supermarkets in contemporary Japan.(1) As long as we saw the manufacturing industry, which was the one of the leading industries in the high economic growth after World War II, women workers' continuous service tendency was welcomed by companies, because of shortage of young workforce. However the very large turning point visited in the 1970s : that is, internal training of the younger age female group was abandoned and female middle-aged and married part-timers were applied instead of them. In this way, new labor regime of women were constructed in 1970s and it has continued until recently.(2) Although after the collapse of the bubble economy in 1990s the utilization of part-timers has been promoted and the non-regular female employees has been increasing in order to reduce the personnel-expenses, in these days which passed through and escaped from the bottom of the economy, companies' eyes came to be anew turned to practical use of capable women and also the ways how to cultivate women's abilities and possibilities in work organizations, supported by the labor market conditions of extensive recession from baby boomers' labor market. As the conditions which could not be considered to be transient are met, it is clear that we are now in the serious turning point which will reconstruct the labor regime of women, constructed in 1970s.

本研究调查了阻碍女性在工作组织中能力和可能性提升的各种因素，寻找改变工作组织性别结构的线索。因此，首先要考察支持工作组织中性别关系历史变迁的因素。其次，为了把握当代日本制造业、百货商店、百货超市中的“女性劳动力的利用”，进行了实地调查。（1）只要我们看到制造业，它就是制造业。在二战后经济高速增长的主导产业中，由于年轻劳动力短缺，女工的连续服务倾向受到企业欢迎。但到了20世纪70年代出现了一个很大的转折：即放弃了年轻女性群体的内训，取而代之的是女性中年已婚兼职人员。就这样，新的妇女劳动制度在20世纪70年代被构建起来，并一直延续到最近。(2)虽然在90年代泡沫经济崩溃后，兼职人员的利用得到了推广，非正式的女性雇员也减少了。为了减少人员开支而不断增加，在走出经济低谷的今天，企业的目光重新转向了女性能力的实际使用以及如何培养女性能力。和工作组织的可能性，受到婴儿潮一代劳动力市场广泛衰退的劳动力市场条件的支持。由于不能被认为是短暂的条件已经满足，显然我们现在正处于一个严重的转折点，它将重建 20 世纪 70 年代建立的妇女劳动制度。