Science and Technology in the Public sphere from the philosophical and political perspectives

从哲学和政治角度看公共领域的科学技术

基本信息

批准号：
14580007
负责人：
KOBAYASHI Tadashi
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Nanzan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Our focus point is to analyze a subtle and complicated relation between techno-science as a cognitive and material power, and as a political power. The former is characterized as providing cognitive "justification" within scientific communities, and the latter is as providing political "legitimacy". This relation long ignored and still being ignored, produces so many failures and controversies about techno-science issues such as BSE, GMOs, and nuclear power plants. The result of analysis was published in KOBAYASHI (2002). "Further, we tackled the problem of how to govern techno-science in advanced countries. The first step was to explicate the function of cognitive "justification". We could show that cognitive "justification" in scientific communities is understood as an expression of scientific rationality, but this rationality is applicable just within these communities. On the other hand, when a knowledge claim justified within a scientific community is brought to the social decisio … More n making as a legitimized knowledge, the difference of contexts in which these knowledge claims are embedded. This analysis was showed in FUJIGAKI (2003). The second step was to explore the possibility that experts and general public notice the difference of context and move toward to construct a common context each other. We direct our attention to participatory technology assessments, because these assessments showed a new style of deliberative discussion by many kinds of stakeholders including experts, policy makers, NPOs, and general public. The review of these assessments and theoretical analysis of a concrete example, that is, the consensus conference on GMOs held in 2000 in Japan was published in KOBAYASHI (2004).In 2004, we organized a workshop to make together examples of participatory technology assessments in Japan, to share their experience and to explore the future tasks. At the same time, we tried to analyze "Monju trial" which is on the safety of a Fast Breeder Reactor. In this analysis we could show that techno-science issues in the present days are quite hard for the legal system to deal with, because the court has no rational criteria for judging confrontation between scientific experts which is usual in this type of trials. Less

我们的重点是分析技术科学作为认知力量和物质力量与政治力量之间微妙而复杂的关系，前者的特点是在科学界内提供认知“正当性”，后者则提供政治“正当性”。这种关系长期被忽视并且仍然被忽视，导致了关于疯牛病、转基因生物和核电站等技术科学问题的许多失败和争议。分析结果发表在《KOBAYASHI》（2002）上。 “此外，我们解决了如何在发达国家治理技术科学的问题。第一步是阐明认知“正当化”的功能。我们可以表明，科学界的认知“正当化”被理解为科学的表达。理性，但这种理性仅适用于这些社区内部。另一方面，当科学界内合理的知识主张被作为合法化知识纳入社会决策时，这些知识主张的背景存在差异。是FUJIGAKI (2003) 中展示了这一分析。第二步是探索专家和公众注意到背景差异并走向构建共同背景的可能性，因为我们将注意力集中在参与式技术评估上。这些评估显示了包括专家、政策制定者、非营利组织和公众在内的多种利益相关者的审议讨论的新方式。对这些评估的回顾和理论分析有一个具体的例子，那就是2017年召开的转基因生物共识会议。 2000年日本发表在《KOBAYASHI》（2004年）上。2004年，我们组织了一次研讨会，共同制作日本参与式技术评估的实例，分享他们的经验并探讨未来的任务，同时我们试图分析“。文殊审判”是关于快中子增殖反应堆的安全性。在这项分析中，我们可以表明，当今的技术科学问题对于法律系统来说相当难以处理，因为法院已经没有合理的标准来判断科学专家之间的竞争，这在此类试验中很常见。