How Does Genetic Ancestry Testing Affect Perceptions of Race?

基因血统测试如何影响种族观念？

• 批准号: 10708193
• 负责人: WENDY D ROTH
• 金额: $ 12.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-21 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10708193
• 关键词: Accent; Affect; Affinity; African American student; Age; Attitude; Awareness; Belief; Biological; Black Populations; Black race; Bone Marrow; Caring; Categories; Characteristics; Classification; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Diagnosis; Economics; Education; Educational Status; Face; Future; Gender; General Population; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genomics; Health; Health Personnel; Healthcare; Hispanic; Human; Immigrant; Individual; Influentials; Interdisciplinary Study; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Legitimacy; Life; Measures; Medical; Not Hispanic or Latino; Nurses; Organizational Culture; Patients; Perception; Persons; Phenotype; Policies; Politics; Protocols documentation; Provider; Proxy; Quality of Care; Race; Race Relations; Reporting; Research; Resource Allocation; Resources; Respondent; Running; Sample Size; Sampling; Scholarship; Shapes; Social Environment; Stimulus; Sum; Surveys; Symptoms; Test Result; Testing; college; essentialism; ethical, legal, and social implication; ethnic identity; ethnoracial; experimental study; genetic information; health care settings; racial difference; racial identity; recruit; response; social; social implication; theories; trait

Project Summary We investigate the relative influence of genetic, phenotypic, and social attributes in shaping how individuals perceive other people's race. We will conduct a conjoint survey experiment with 9,000 non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White (henceforth, Black and White), and Hispanic respondents in the U.S. to assess the power of genetic ancestry test (GAT) results, facial features, social attributes like racial self-identification before and after testing, and the social context to influence the racial classification of others. GATs are one of the most common ways genomic awareness has increased in the public sphere. Many scholars believe GATs will shape individuals' beliefs about race, including beliefs in essential racial differences and that races are genetically determined. Recent research shows that GATs lead some people to change their racial identity based on the reported genetic information. However, we know little about whether those genetically-influenced identity claims are accepted by others or whether information about an individual's genetic ancestry influences how their race is perceived. Increased genomic knowledge may be shifting norms of racial classification. This could have significant social implications ranging from changing patient-provider interactions and assessments in healthcare settings to demographic shifts and identity-based political mobilization. In everyday life, people typically rely on facial features to racially classify others, often using phenotype as a proxy for ancestry. However, we know little about how perception of facial features interacts with information about ancestry, which we will test using photographs of human faces and hypothetical GAT results. In addition, an abundant scholarship has shown that race is shaped by social context. Nevertheless, most studies have been observational and may be afflicted by endogeneity. We will provide rigorous experimental evidence for how social context influences racial classifications: some respondents will be asked to categorize individuals seeking membership in a cultural affinity group; others will be told the individual is applying to college, priming a context of competition for scarce resources; yet others will be told the individual is registering for a bone marrow drive; the remainder will be given a neutral context. Last, our nation-wide survey will sample Black, White, and Hispanic respondents, which will allow us to test how racial perceptions vary across the U.S. and among the nation's largest ethnoracial groups. This project will develop a research protocol and preliminary data for a larger future study focusing on how genomic information shapes healthcare providers' racial perceptions and clinical assessments of patients.

项目摘要 我们研究了遗传，表型和社会属性在塑造如何 个人认为他人的种族。我们将与9,000 非西班牙裔黑人，非西班牙裔白人（此后，黑白）和西班牙裔 美国的受访者评估遗传祖先测试（GAT）结果的力量，面部特征， 社会属性在测试之前和之后的种族自我认同，以及社会背景 影响他人的种族分类。 gat是基因组最常见的方式之一 公共领域的意识有所提高。许多学者认为，gat会塑造个人的 关于种族的信念，包括对种族差异的信念，并且种族是遗传的 决定。最近的研究表明，GAT会导致某些人改变其种族身份 基于报告的遗传信息。但是，我们对那些是否知道 他人接受了基因影响的身份主张，或者是否有关 个人的遗传血统影响了他们的种族的感知方式。增加基因组知识 可能是改变种族分类规范。这可能具有重大的社会影响 从改变患者提供者的互动和医疗保健环境的评估到 人口转变和基于身份的政治动员。在日常生活中，人们通常依靠 关于面部特征，以种族为例，通常使用表型作为祖先的代理。 但是，我们对面部特征的感知如何与有关的信息互动 祖先，我们将使用人脸的照片和假设的GAT结果进行测试。在 此外，一项丰富的奖学金表明，种族是由社会背景塑造的。尽管如此， 大多数研究都是观察到的，可能会受到内生性的折磨。我们将提供 严格的社会环境如何影响种族分类的实验证据：有些 将要求受访者对寻求成员的个人分类文化亲和力 团体;其他人将被告知个人正在申请大学，启动了竞争的背景 稀缺资源；还有其他人将被告知个人正在注册骨髓驱动器。 其余的将为中性背景。最后，我们在全国范围内的调查将采样黑色 白人和西班牙裔受访者，这将使我们能够测试种族观念的不同 美国以及美国最大的民族群体。该项目将开发一项研究 大型未来研究的协议和初步数据，重点是基因组信息 塑造医疗保健提供者的种族认知和患者的临床评估。