Cultural difference of meta expectation about interpersonal relationship -Comparison between Japan and America-

人际关系元期望的文化差异-日美比较-

基本信息

批准号：
15530394
负责人：
YAMAMOTO Mariko
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It is not difficult to imagine that speed and depth of developing interpersonal relationships depend on the positive or negative expectation that people generally hold for forming friendships. If cultural differences for the expectation about interpersonal relationships exist, they affect intercultural activities. The purpose of this study was to reveal the cultural difference of the image (meta-expectation) for the development of interpersonal relationships.We conducted mainly two researches. Main purpose of these researches was to reveal the meta-expectation for the relationship toward a person who was a friend of one's friend.In the first research, we used image scene method called "dinning hall scenario". In this scenario, participants allegedly encountered a person "A", in a dinning hall, who was a friend of respondent's friends but they themselves did not know well eath other. We asked participants how they would behave by using open-ended and close-ended questionnaires. Results showed that compared with Japanese people, more U.S.people wanted to get along with the person "A". On the other hand, Japanese respondents inclined to avoid the person A.In the second research, we advocated unit and autonomy orientation concepts for interpersonal relationships and tested the scale which measured these concepts. Three factors were extracted from the scale, unit, concern for relationship and autonomy. Among these factors, unit orientation score for U.S.respondents were higher than Japanese respondents. This finding means U.S.people expand their network more actively than Japanese people.These findings suggest the cultural difference for the meta-expectation of interpersonal relationships between U.S.and Japan. In the future, we hope to clarify the cultural difference in intimate and collapsing process of interpersonal relationships.

不难想象，人际关系发展的速度和深度取决于人们普遍对建立友谊抱有的积极或消极的期望。如果对人际关系的期望存在文化差异，就会影响跨文化活动。本研究的目的是揭示图像的文化差异（元期望）对于人际关系发展的影响。我们主要进行了两项研究。这些研究的主要目的是揭示对朋友的朋友的关系的元期望。在第一项研究中，我们使用了称为“餐厅场景”的图像场景方法。在这种情况下，据称参与者在餐厅遇到了一个人“A”，他是受访者朋友的朋友，但他们自己并不熟悉。我们通过开放式和封闭式问卷询问参与者他们的行为方式。结果显示，与日本人相比，更多的美国人希望与“A”人相处。另一方面，日本受访者倾向于回避A。在第二项研究中，我们提倡人际关系的单位和自主取向概念，并测试了衡量这些概念的量表。从规模、单位、对关系的关注和自主性中提取了三个因素。在这些因素中，美国受访者的单位取向得分高于日本受访者。这一发现意味着美国人比日本人更积极地扩展他们的网络。这些发现表明美国和日本之间对人际关系的元期望存在文化差异。未来，我们希望能够厘清人际关系亲密和崩溃过程中的文化差异。