Personality and Mortality Risk in Adulthood: Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms

成年期的人格和死亡风险：行为和生理机制

• 批准号: 10645631
• 负责人: Nicholas Andrew Turiano
• 金额: $ 15.09万
• 依托单位: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-15 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10645631
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Baby Booms; Behavior; Behavioral; Cardiovascular Physiology; Cardiovascular system; Clinical; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Data Sources; Demographic Factors; Deterioration; Diet Habits; Disease; Drug usage; Elderly; Emotional; Equation; Gender; Generations; Goals; Health; Health Care Visit; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Heterogeneity; Illicit Drugs; Immune; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; International; Intervention; Intuition; Knowledge; Life Expectancy; Longevity; Longitudinal cohort study; Measurement; Measures; Mediation; Meta-Analysis; Metabolic; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurotic Disorders; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Character; Personality Development; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physical activity; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Physiology; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Premature Mortality; Premature aging syndrome; Preventive healthcare; Process; Psychological Factors; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Sampling; Socioeconomic Status; Statistical Methods; Stress; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; age group; aged; aging population; anxious; archived data; cohort; combat; expectation; follow-up; health care service utilization; healthy aging; human old age (65+); immune function; improved; innovation; interest; intervention refinement; longitudinal design; mortality; mortality risk; multiple datasets; physical conditioning; physical inactivity; poor sleep; premature; psychologic; sedentary; sleep behavior; theories; therapy development; tool; trait; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Alcohol abuse; Alcohols; Baby Booms; Behavior; Behavioral; Cardiovascular Physiology; Cardiovascular system; Clinical; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Data Sources; Demographic Factors; Deterioration; Diet Habits; Disease; Drug usage; Elderly; Emotional; Equation; Gender; Generations; Goals; Health; Health Care Visit; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Heterogeneity; Illicit Drugs; Immune; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; International; Intervention; Intuition; Knowledge; Life Expectancy; Longevity; Longitudinal cohort study; Measurement; Measures; Mediation; Meta-Analysis; Metabolic; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurotic Disorders; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Character; Personality Development; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physical activity; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Physiology; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Premature Mortality; Premature aging syndrome; Preventive healthcare; Process; Psychological Factors; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Sampling; Socioeconomic Status; Statistical Methods; Stress; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; age group; aged; aging population; anxious; archived data; cohort; combat; expectation; follow-up; health care service utilization; healthy aging; human old age (65+); immune function; improved; innovation; interest; intervention refinement; longitudinal design; mortality; mortality risk; multiple datasets; physical conditioning; physical inactivity; poor sleep; premature; psychologic; sedentary; sleep behavior; theories; therapy development; tool; trait

Sufficient evidence now exists that individual differences in personality traits are associated with lifespan health outcomes and longevity. Interests have shifted from these basic examinations of personality-health associations to identifying the precise mechanisms explaining why psychological traits predict health and longevity. Exploring how health behaviors and physiological function act as conduits by which personality impacts health is the logical next step of future research. Specifically, individuals scoring higher in neuroticism and lower in conscientiousness are more likely to use tobacco, illicit drugs, and greater quantities of alcohol, and are also more likely to be sedentary and have poor dietary habits. These behaviors are some of the leading behavioral contributors to poor health and increased mortality risk among older adults. Moreover, these trait levels are also associated with increased cardiovascular deterioration, impaired immune function, and unhealthy metabolic levels. Although it seems intuitive that individuals with certain personality characteristics engage in certain behaviors which over time will deteriorate physiological health and shorten the lifespan, the empirical evidence to support these explanatory pathways is lacking. Without a clearer understanding of how these processes unfold over the lifespan, the development of interventions to combat premature aging will be limited. Thus, the short-term goal of this proposal parallels NIA strategic directions to identify mechanisms through which psychological factors exert their effects on the aging process, but it also parallels the NIA long- term goal agenda of developing foundational knowledge to be used in the creation of interventions that maintain health and increase a healthy lifespan. The central hypothesis of the current proposal is that certain personality characteristics will lead to engagement in health behaviors (e.g., greater alcohol, tobacco, drug use, physical inactivity, lower health care utilization, and poor sleep habits) that will lead to dysregulation of key physiological systems, that ultimately will result in an increased mortality risk. To accomplish these goals, the proposal will utilize a coordinated analysis framework to analyze 12 archival data sources that include over 44,000 participants. Key factors to this proposal include: 1) a diverse population where generalizability of findings can be tested via replication and meta-analytic techniques; 2) analysis of repeated measures of personality, health behaviors, and objective measures of physiology to determine how change unfolds over time and establish temporal ordering of pathways; and 3) the use of sophisticated mediation analyses conducted in a structural equation modeling framework to provide the statistical evidence of direct/indirect effects. Overall, the proposed research is significant because it explores how modifiable psychological constructs impact behavior, physiology, and longevity over time. Understanding how these processes unfold in a large sample using diverse measures will provide the statistical evidence needed to support the development of interventions aimed at improving aging outcomes.

现在存在足够的证据，表明人格特征的个体差异与寿命健康有关 结果和寿命。利益已经从这些人格健康的基本考试转移了 确定确切机制的关联，解释了心理特征为何预测健康和 长寿。探索健康行为和生理功能如何充当人格 影响健康是未来研究的逻辑下一步。具体而言，在神经质中得分较高 较低的尽责性更有可能使用烟草，非法药物和更多的酒精， 并且更有可能久坐不动，并且饮食习惯差。这些行为是 领先的行为因素不良健康，老年人的死亡风险增加。而且，这些 性状水平还与心血管降解增加，免疫功能受损和 不健康的代谢水平。尽管具有某些个性特征的人似乎很直观 从事某些行为，随着时间的流逝，这些行为会恶化生理健康并缩短寿命， 缺乏支持这些解释性途径的经验证据。没有更清楚地了解如何 这些过程在整个寿命中展开，对早熟作斗争的干预措施将是 有限的。因此，该提案的短期目标与NIA的战略方向相似，以确定机制 通过哪些心理因素对衰老过程产生影响，但也与NIA相似 术语目标议程是开发用于创建干预措施的基础知识的议程 保持健康并增加健康的寿命。当前提议的核心假设是 人格特征将导致参与健康行为（例如，大量酒精，烟草，药物 使用，身体不活跃，较低的医疗保健利用和睡眠习惯不足），这将导致关键的失调 生理系统，最终将导致死亡率增加。为了实现这些目标， 提案将利用协调的分析框架来分析12个档案数据源，其中包括 44,000名参与者。该提案的关键因素包括：1）多样化的人口。 可以通过复制和荟萃分析技术对发现进行测试； 2）分析重复测量的 个性，健康行为和生理学的客观度量，以确定变化的发展方式 时间并建立途径的时间顺序； 3）使用复杂的调解分析 在结构方程建模框架中进行的，以提供直接/间接的统计证据 效果。总体而言，拟议的研究很重要，因为它探讨了如何改变心理 随着时间的流逝，构造影响行为，生理和寿命。了解这些过程是如何展开的 使用各种措施的大型样本将提供支持开发所需的统计证据 旨在改善衰老结果的干预措施。