Impact and friction mechanisms and structural changes of snow and ice in snow avalanches, ice blasts and icy planetecimal impacts

雪崩、冰爆和冰冷行星撞击中雪和冰的冲击和摩擦机制以及结构变化

• 批准号: 10490003
• 负责人: MAENO Norikazu
• 金额: $ 8.7万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10490003/
• 关键词: Snow avalanche; Ice blast; Icy bodies; Impact Frictiont; Crack; Snow; Ice; Shock wave

Ice-ice friction measurements were extended to the lowest sliding velocities aimed originally in the project. For the experiment a new device of non-rotation type was constructed and installed in a cold room, which enabled us to carry out the friction experiment to the velocities of 10^<-7> to 10^<-3> m/s and normal stresses of 123 to 368 kPa. The obtained results below 10^<-4> m/s was different f rom what has been expected from the traditional adhesion shear mechanism. Based on the experiment al result a new model of adhesion shear mechanism was proposed taking account of junction growth d ue to sintering of ice asperities on the sliding surfaces.High speed impact experiments were conducted in relation to the formation mechanism of characteristic craters found on regolith layers on asteroids, Mars, and other icy bodies. Samples used are mixtures of H_2O ice, CO_2 ice and rocks, and projectiles, made of H_2O ice, metal or plastic, were impacted with a speed of 100 to 600 m/s. The project was conducted with cooperation of Prof. Leliwa-Kopystysnski of Warsaw University. Effects of electric field on ice friction were investigated.

冰冰摩擦测量值扩展到最初针对该项目的最低滑动速度。对于实验，将新的非旋转类型设备构建并安装在寒冷室中，这使我们能够对10^<-7>至10^<-3> m/s的速度进行摩擦实验，正常应力和123至368 kPa的正常应力。从传统的粘附剪切机构中获得的结果是10^<-4> m/s以下的结果不同。基于实验结果，提出了一种新的粘附剪切机制模型，以考虑到滑动表面上的冰绿色的连接生长。高速撞击实验是针对在小节，火星和其他薄冰机构上的核石层上在核石层上发现的特征坑的形成机理的。所使用的样品是H_2O冰，CO_2冰和岩石的混合物以及由H_2O冰，金属或塑料制成的弹丸，其速度为100至600 m/s。该项目是在华沙大学的Leliwa-Kopystysnski教授的合作中进行的。研究了电场对冰摩擦的影响。

项目成果

Mizuno, Y., T.Mizuno: "Photon Emission from Ice during Fracture"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.. Vol.41,No.2B. L209-L211 (2002)

Mizuno, Y., T.Mizuno：“冰断裂时的光子发射”Jpn。

J. McElwaine, K. Nishimura: "Ping-pong ball avalanche experiments"Ann. Glaciology. Vol.32. 241-250 (2001)

J. McElwaine、K. Nishimura：“乒乓球雪崩实验”Ann。

Mizukami, N.and Maeno, N.: "Normal stress dependence of ice-ice friction coefficients."Seppyo. 62(6). 515-521 (2000)

Mizukami, N. 和 Maeno, N.：“冰-冰摩擦系数的法向应力依赖性。”Seppyo。

Arakawa M., Higa, M., Leliwa-Kopystynski, J., and Maeno, N.: "Impact cratering of granular mixture targets made of H2O ice-CO2 ice-pyrophylite"Planetary and Space Science. 1437-1446 (2000)

Arakawa M.、Higa, M.、Leliwa-Kopystynski, J. 和 Maeno, N.：“由 H2O 冰-CO2 冰-叶蜡石制成的颗粒混合物目标的撞击坑”行星与空间科学。

安留哲,荒川政彦,前野紀一: "氷・氷摩擦係数の測定"雪氷. 61(6). 437-443 (1999)

Satoshi Yasuru、Masahiko Arakawa、Kiichi Maeno：“冰-冰摩擦系数的测量”Snow and Ice 61(6) 437-443 (1999)。