Study on the artificial control od snow on roads

道路积雪人工治理研究

基本信息

批准号：
61460169
负责人：
MAENO Norikazu
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61460169/
关键词：
Snow Ice Road snow Road ice 路面雪氷路面凍結日射量アルベド

项目摘要

The proper control and maintenance of traffic roads in winter seasons in snowy areas can be accomplished only on the base od enough knowledge of physical properties of snow and ice on roads. However, even the classification, structures and properties of snow and ice have not been investigated in detail. This study was aimed at measuring systematically the structures and physical properties and proposing a new classification of snow and ice on roads; the main items of investigation are structures, physical properties, disappearing process, and heat balance. Obtained results are as follows1)The structures and physical properties of snow and ice on roads are strongly affected not only by meteorolgical conditions but also by artificial effects such as passing vehicles and snow removal; therefore the structures and properties are variable as the time and local points2)Snow and ice on roads are classified into seven types: new-snow, compacted-snow, powder-snow, grain-snow, slush, ice-crust, and ice-film. Then each of the five types except the powder-snow and slush, is divided into two subtupes; dry and wet. In addition the dry compacted-snow was subdibided into soft and hard ones. In total snow and ice on roads are classified into 13 types3)Dry new snow on roads is quickly densified into compacted-snow, the maximum density of which is from 500 to 550 kg/m^34)Hard compacted-snow(600-800 kg/m^3) and ice-crusts are often formed when melt water of the surface of road snow penetrates and refreezes in it5)The heat balance on the surface of snow on roads is colsely related to the melt and ablation process. The present study showed that the net radiation and surface albedo are the most important components to determine the heat blance both the contamination by vehicles and reflectance change due to melting increase the ablation and melt of snow, which is the main cause of the formation of ruts.

在冬季，在冬季，可以正确控制和维护雪地地区的交通道路，只有在基本上才能足够了解道路上的雪和冰的物理特性。但是，即使是雪和冰的分类，结构和特性也没有详细研究。这项研究旨在系统地测量结构和物理特性，并提出在道路上进行雪和冰的新分类。调查的主要项目是结构，物理特性，消失的过程和热量平衡。所获得的结果如下1）道路上雪和冰的结构和物理特性不仅受到流星条件的强烈影响，而且还受到人工效应（例如通过车辆和降雪）的影响；因此，随着时间和局部点2）道路上的雪和冰分为七种类型：新鼻，紧凑型，粉末 - 鼻子，谷物 - 雪，雪泥，冰壳，冰壳和冰 - 冰。然后将五种类型的每种类型除粉末伸出和泥浆以外，分为两个子手法。干湿。另外，将干燥的扣子细分为柔软的硬质。道路上的总雪和冰中被归类为13型3）公路上的干雪很快将新的雪致密至压实距离，其最大密度是500至550 kg/m^34）硬紧密靠背（600-800 kg/m^3）（600-800 kg/m^3），经常形成冰层的雪地，而冰上的雪地融合了雪地的水，这是散开的雪地，而雪地的融合了，这是在雪地上融合的水。与熔体和消融过程有关。本研究表明，净辐射和表面反照率是确定热量融合车辆污染的最重要组成部分，以及由于熔化而导致的反射率变化增加了雪的消融和融化，这是车辙形成的主要原因。